Application of precise genome editing in plants

Muhamed Adem, Tileye Feyissa, Dereje Beyene

Haiwei Mou(Haiwei.Mou@umassmed.edu)

Muhamed Adem, Application of precise genome editing in plants(2017)SDRP Journal of Plant Science 2(1):36-44

Genome engineering, the ability to manipulate and alter DNA sequences in living cells is entering to its golden age. This is due to the advent of quickly advancing techniques that enable to engineer the genome with significant impact. Many of the plants, yeast strains and filamentous fungi industrially relevant for enormous biotechnological applications are non-domesticated difficult to engineer, have intricate genomes and have little molecular tools, making their genome engineering a complex task.  But precise genome editing which mimics the naturally occurring mutations has been used to overcome the biological engineering challenges posed by these organisms. Application areas of precise genome editing are diverse and potentially limitless as it is capable of altering any component of any genome.  The technique enables to open the genome like a book and proceed to words; in this case the DNA sequences then engineer the sequences to end up with the desired product. Focus areas of precise genome editing includes but not limited to; genome engineering, knockout, activation, RNA editing, in disease models, gene drive, biomedicine, gene function and in vitro gene depletion. With precise genome editing approach particularly Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR), there are visions of another green revolution - where plant yields could be improved significantly and worries might fade about how to feed the world in 2050 with projected population of nine billion people. For various applications precise genome editing has been successfully employed in several plants including; Arabidopsis thaliana, Nicotiana tobacum, sweet orange, rice, wheat, tomato, soybean, maize, sorghum and popular. Although CRISPR/Cas9 is a rising star in genome editing taking the technology to its full potential requires tackling off-target mutations among others. 

Key words:  CRISPR/Cas9, Double strand breaks, Genome engineering, Targeted mutagenesis

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