Abstract
Chromosome counts are presented for 217 species of 103 genera of grasses from Costa Rica. Four of the genera and 90 of the species are reported for the first time. In addition, 26 counts differ from previous records for the same taxon. The generaGynerium, Lithachne, Luziola, andThrasya were heretofore unknown cytologically. First counts are also given for the following species:Agrostis bacillata, A. pittieri, A. sub patens, Andropogon angustatus, A. bicornis, A. virgatus, Aristida capillacea, A. jorullensis, Arundinella berteroniana, A. deppeana, Axonopus aureus, A. capillaris, A. chrysoblepharis, Bouteloua americana, B. disticha, Bromus exaltatus, Calamagrostis intermedia, C. nuda, C. pittieri, Chusquea lehmannii, C. tonduzii, Cinna poaeformis, Deschampsia pringlei, Digitaria panicea, Echinochloa polystachya, Echinolaena gracilis, Eragrostis simplicijlora, Eriochloa distachya, E. polystachya, Eriochrysis cayennensis, Festuca dolichophylla, Gymnopogon fastigiatus, Gynerium sagittatum, Hymenachne amplexicaulis, Imperata contracta, Isachne polygonoides, Ischaemum latijolium, Lithachne pauciflora, Luziola fragilis, Manisuris aurita, Panicum aquaticum, P. arundinariae, P. boliviense, P. cordovense, P. grande, P. haenkeanum, P. milleflorum, P. parviglume, P. pilosum, P. polygonatum, P. rudgei, P. stenodes, P. trichanthum, P. trichoides, P. viscidellum, Paspalum candidum, P. centrale, P. decumbens, P. fasciculatum, P. jimenezii, P. microstachyum, P. multicaule, P. nutans, P. parviflorum, P. pilosum, P. prostratum, P. pumilum, P. reclinatum, P. saccharoides, P. scabrum, P. serratum, P. squamulatum, P. standleyi, Pennisetum bambusiforme, P. distachyum, Pereilema beyrichianum, Pharus parvifolius, Sacciolepis myuros, Schizachyrium condensatum, Sorghastrum incompletum, Sporobolus ciliatus, S. purpurascens, Streptochaeta sodiroana, Thrasya gracilis, T. petrosa, T. robusta, Trisetum pringlei, T. tonduzii, Uniola pittieri, and Zeugites pittieri. In addition, the following counts are different from previous records for the same taxon:Aegopogon cenchroides, Axonopus poiophyllus, Bouteloua media, Brachiaria plantaginea, Chusquea subtessellata, Digitaria adscendens, Homolepis aturensis, Hymenachne donacifolia, Ichnanthus axillaris, I. pallens, I. tenuis, Ischaemum ciliare, Ixophorus unisetus, Oplismenus burmannii, O. hirtellus, Panicum geminatum, P. glutinosum, P. mertensii, P. parvifolium, P. sellowii, Paspalum convexum, Pennisetum nervosum, P. setosum, Polypogon elongalus, Raddia costaricensis, Schizachyrium hirtijlorum.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature Cited
Avdulov, N. P. 1931. Karyosystematische Untersuchungen der Familie der Gramineen. Bull. Appl. Bot. Genet. & Plant Breeding, Suppl.43. 428 pp.
Banks, D. J. 1964. Cytological studies inPaspalum, groupSetacea (Gramineae). Sida1: 306–312.
Beaman, J. H., D. C. D. dejong, &W. P. Stoutamire 1962. Chromosome studies in the alpine and subalpine floras of Mexico and Guatemala. Amer. Jour. Bot.49: 41–50.
Bennett, H. W., B. L. Burson, &E. C. Bashaw 1969. Intraspecific hybridization in Dallisgrass,Paspalum dilatatum Poir. Crop Science 9: 807–809.
Böcher, T. W. &K. Larsen 1958. Experimental and cytological studies on plant species. IV. Further studies in short-lived herbs. Danske Videnskab. Selsk. Biol. Skrift.10(2): 1–24.
Borrill, M. 1956. A biosystematic study of someGlyceria species in Britain. II. Cytology. Watsonia3: 299–306.
Bowden, W. M. &H. A. Senn 1962. Chromosome numbers in 28 grass genera from South America. Canadian Jour. Bot.40: 1115–1124.
Bowen, C. C. 1956. Freezing by liquid carbon dioxide in making slides permanent. Stain Tech. 31: 87–90.
Brown, W. V. 1948. A cytological study in the Gramineae. Amer. Jour. Bot.35: 382–395.
— 1950. A cytological study of some Texas Gramineae. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 77: 63–76.
— 1958. Apomixis as related to geographical distribution in the panicoid grass tribes. Jour. South African Bot. 24: 191–200.
Burton, G. W. 1940. A cytological study of some species in the genusPaspalum. Jour. Agric. Research60: 193–197.
— 1942. A cytological study of some species in the tribe Paniceae. Amer. Jour. Bot. 29: 355–359.
Celarier, R. P. 1957. Cytotaxonomy in the Andropogoneae. II. Subtribes Ischaeminae, Rottboelliinae, and the Maydeae. Cytologia (Tokyo) 22: 160–183.
- &J. R. Harlan 1956. Annual Report of Progress in Forage Crops Research in Oklahoma. Sect. I. Old World bluestems. Oklahoma Agric. Expt. Station. 43 pp. (mimeographed)
Chase, Agnes 1929. The North American species ofPaspalum. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.28(1): xvii + 310 pp.
Chen, C. C. &C. C. Hsu 1961. Cytological studies on Taiwan grasses. 1. Tribe Paniceae. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinica II.2: 101–110.
— 1962. Cytological studies on Taiwan grasses. (2). Chromosome numbers of some miscellaneous tribes. Jour. Japanese Bot. 37: 300–313.
Conert, H. J. 1961. Die Systematik und Anatomie der Arundineae. Weinheim, Germany: J. Cramer. 208 pp.
Davis, Gwenda L. 1966. Systematic Embryology of the Angiosperms. New York: Wiley & Sons, Inc. viii + 528 pp.
DeLisle, D. G. 1963. Taxonomy and distribution of the genusCenchrus. Iowa State Jour. Sci.37: 259–351.
— 1964. Chromosome numbers inCenchrus (Gramineae). Amer. Jour. Bot.51: 1133, 1134.
Dodds, K. S. &N. W. Simmonds 1946. A cytological basis of sterility inTripsacum laxum. Ann. Bot. n.s.10: 109–116.
Fang, J. S. &H. W. Li 1966. Cytological study inPaspalum conjugatum Berg. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sinica II.7: 1–12.
Gould, F. W. 1956. Chromosome counts and cytotaxonomic notes on grasses of the tribe Andropogoneae. Amer. Jour. Bot.43: 395–404.
— 1958. Chromosome numbers in southwestern grasses. Amer. Jour. Bot.45: 757–767.
— 1960. Chromosome numbers in southwestern grasses. II. Amer. Jour. Bot.47: 873–877.
— 1965. Chromosome numbers in some Mexican grasses. Bol. Soc. Bot. México29: 49–62.
— 1966. Chromosome numbers of some Mexican grasses. Canadian Jour. Bot.44: 1683–1696.
— 1968. Chromosome numbers of Texas grasses. Canadian Jour. Bot.46: 1315–1325.
— &Z. J. Kapadia 1964. Biosystematic studies in theBouteloua curtipendula complex. II. Taxonomy. Brittonia16: 182–207.
— &T. R. Soderstrom 1967. Chromosome numbers of tropical American grasses. Amer. Jour. Bot.54: 676–683.
— 1970a.In: IOPB chromosome number reports. XXV. Taxon19: 104, 105.
— 1970b. Chromosome numbers of some Mexican and Colombian grasses. Canadian Jour. Bot.48: 1633–1639.
Gnpta, P. K. 1969.In: IOPB chromosome number reports. XX. Taxon18: 214.
Hacker, J. B. 1966. Cytological investigations in theSetaria sphacelata complex. Australian Jour. Agric. Research17: 297–301.
Hagerup, O. 1939. Studies on the significance of polyploidy. III.Deschampsia andAim. Hereditas25: 185–192.
Hitchcock, A. S. & Agnes Chase 1910. The North American species ofPanicum. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb.15 : xiv + 396 pp.
— 1915. The tropical North American species ofPanicum. Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 17(6): xii + 459–539.
Hubbard, C. E. &R. E. Vaughan 1940. The Grasses of Mauritius and Rodriguez. London: Waterlow & Sons, Ltd. 128 pp.
Hunter, A. W. S. 1934. A karyosystematic investigation in the Gramineae. Canadian Jour. Research11: 213–241.
Jacques-Félix, H. 1962. Les Graminées d’Afrique Tropicale. I. Généralités, Classification, Description des Genres. Paris: Institut de Recherches Agronomiques Tropicales, Bull. Sci.8. xi + 345 pp.
Janaki Animal, E. K. 1959. A cyto-systematic survey of Bambuseae. I. The slender bamboos of Asia and S. America. Bull. Bot. Survey India1: 78–84.
Kapadia, Z. J. &F. W. Gould 1964. Biosystematic studies in theBouteloua curtipendula complex. III. Pollen size as related to chromosome numbers. Amer. Jour. Bot.51: 166–172.
Larsen, K. 1960. Cytological and experimental studies on the flowering plants of the Canary Islands. Danske Videnskab. Selsk. Biol. Skrift.11(3): 1–60.
— 1963. Studies in the flora of Thailand. 14. Cytological studies in vascular plants of Thailand. Dansk Bot. Arkiv20: 211–275.
Lersten, N. R. &R. W. Pohl 1969. Anatomical and chromosomal observations onOrthoclada laxa (Centotheceae: Gramineae). Amer. Jour. Bot.56: 1054–1057.
Lewis, K. R. &B. John 1966. Meiotic consequences of spontaneous chromosome breakage. Chromosoma (Berlin)18: 287–304.
Li, Y. H., R. A. Lubke, &J. B. Phipps 1966. Studies in the Arundinelleae (Gramineae). IV. Chromosome numbers of 23 species. Canadian Jour. Bot.44: 387–393.
Mangelsdorf, P. C. &R. G. Reeves 1939. The origin of Indian corn and its relatives. Texas Agric. Expt. Station Bull. 574. 315 pp.
Mitra, K. &N. Datta 1967.In: IOPB chromosome number reports. XIII. Taxon16: 445–461.
Newcomer, E. N. 1953. A new cytological and histological fixing fluid. Science118: 161.
Nunez, O. 1952. Investigaciones cariosistemáticas en las Gramineas argentinas de la tribus “Paniceae.” Revista Fac. Agron. (Univ. Nacional, Eva Perón, Argentina)28: 229–255.
Parthasarathy, N. 1946. Chromosome numbers in Bambuseae. Current Science15: 233, 234.
Pohl, R. W. 1969.Muhlenbergia, subgenusMuhlenbergia (Gramineae) in North America. Amer. Midland Nat.82: 512–542.
Pritchard, A. J. & K. F. Gould 1964. Chromosome numbers in some introduced and indigenous legumes and grasses. Commonwealth Sci. & Industr. Research Organization (Australia), Div. Trop. Pastures Tech. Paper No. 2. 18 pp.
Pyrah, G. L. 1969. Taxonomic and distributional studies inLeersia (Gramineae). Iowa State Jour. Sci.44: 215–270.
Rao, T. N. V. R. 1962. Chromosome numbers of some Indian grasses. Current Science31: 476, 477.
Reeder, J. R. 1966.In: IOPB chromosome number reports. VI. Taxon15: 117.
— 1967. Notes on Mexican grasses. VI. Miscellaneous chromosome numbers. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club94: 1–17.
— 1968a. Systematic position of the genusTriniochloa. Amer. Jour. Bot.55: 735. (Abstract)
— 1968b. Notes on Mexican grasses. VIII. Miscellaneous chromosome numbers-2. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club95: 69–86.
—,T. R. Soderstrom, &Cleofé E. Calderón 1969.In: IOPB chromosome number reports. XXII. Taxon18: 441,442.
Riley, R. &C. N. Law 1965. Genetic variation in chromosome pairing. Advances in Genetics13: 57–114.
Rogers, K. 1969. A taxonomic study of the genusIchnanthus (Gramineae), SectionFoveolata. Thesis: Ph.D., Univ. Tennessee, Nashville. vii + 186 pp. [Univ. Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Diss. Abstr. 69: 16,528.]
Saura, F. 1948. Cariologia de gramíneas en Argentina. Revista Fac. Agron. Vet. (Buenos Aires)12: 51–67.
Sharma, A. K. &L. Jhuri 1959. Chromosome analysis of grasses. I. Genetica Iberica11: 145–173.
Shibata, K. 1962. Estudios citológicos de plantas colombianas silvestres y cultivadas. Jour. Agric. Sci. Tokyo Nogyo Daigaku8: 49–62.
Singh, D. N. &M. B. E. Godward 1960. Cytological studies in the Gramineae. Heredity15: 193–199.
Smith, J. P., Jr. 1971. Taxonomic revision of the genusGymnopogon (Gramineae). Iowa State Jour. Sci.45: 319–385.
Soderstrom, T. R. &J. H. Beaman 1968. The genusBromus (Gramineae) in Mexico and Central America. Publ. Museum (Michigan State Univ.) Biol. Ser.3: 465–520.
Swallen, J. R. 1965. The grass genusLuziola. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.52: 472–475.
Tateoka, T. 1962. A cytological study of some Mexican grasses. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club89: 77–82.
— 1965a. Chromosome numbers of some East African grasses. Amer. Jour. Bot.52: 864–869.
— 1965b. Chromosome numbers of some grasses from Madagascar. Bot. Mag. Tokyo78: 306–311.
Ting, Y. C. 1960. Cytological observations on two tropical forms ofTripsacum. Bot. Museum Leaflets (Harvard Univ.)19: 97–108.
Valencia, J. I. 1962. {ade|tLos cromosomas deStreptochaeta spicata Schrad. (Gramineae)}. Darwiniana12: 379–383.
Virkki, N. 1963. Eighteen chromosome pairs in an American bamboo,Chusquea subtessellata Hitchc. Jour. Agric. Univ. Puerto Rico47: 98–101.
Warmke, H. E. 1954. Apomixis inPanicum maximum. Amer. Jour. Bot.41: 5–11.
-,J. Rivera-Pérez, & J. A. Ferrer-Monge 1946. Plant cytogenetics. Fourth Annual Report of the Director, Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University of Puerto Rico1945: 19–27.
Wulff, H. D. 1937. Chromosomenstudien an der schleswigholsteinischen Angiospermen-Flora. I. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. (Berlin)55: 262–269.
Yates, H. O. 1966. Revision of grasses traditionally referred toUniola, I.Uniola andLeptochloopsis. Southwestern Naturalist11: 372–394.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Journal Paper No. J-6S72 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Project 1833.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pohl, R.W., Davidse, G. Chromosome numbers of Costa Rican grasses. Brittonia 23, 293–324 (1971). https://doi.org/10.2307/2805632
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2805632