Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 2016 Volume 144, Issue 11-12, Pages: 670-675
https://doi.org/10.2298/SARH1612670S
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Development of cardiopulmonary bypass: A historical review
Šušak Stamenko (Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad + Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sremska Kamenica)
Redžek Aleksandar (Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad + Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sremska Kamenica)
Rosić Milenko (Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sremska Kamenica)
Velicki Lazar (Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad + Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sremska Kamenica)
Okiljević Bogdan (Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad + Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases of Vojvodina, Clinic of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sremska Kamenica)
The idea of isolated organ perfusion, a precursor of cardiopulmonary bypass,
came by Legalois in 1812. First isolated organ perfusion was described by
Loebell in 1849. The first closed system for oxygenation and returning the
blood through arteries was created by Frey and Gruber in 1885. Gibbon Jr. is
considered the father of extracorporeal circulation. In spring of 1934 he
began constructing a machine for extracorporeal circulation in Boston. He
published the first description of this system in 1937. Gibbon won the grant
of the International Business Machines Corporation for developing the machine
in 1947. Together they developed Model I in 1949 and Model II in 1951. After
a few unsuccessful attempts in 1952, the first successful surgical
intervention on the heart (closure of atrial septal defect) using
cardiopulmonary bypass was performed on May 6, 1953. In 1945, Kirklin and his
working group reported on a series of eight successfully treated patients in
a row who underwent surgery with extracorporeal circulation. First successful
valve surgery under the direct vision was performed by Dodrill in 1952, using
his “Michigan Heart” machine as a right heart bypass. Using cardiopulmonary
bypass, cardiac surgeons can deal with the complex cardiac pathology and save
millions of lives.
Keywords: invention, history, cardiopulmonary bypass, extracorporeal circulation, Gibbon