Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 2013 Volume 141, Issue 9-10, Pages: 705-709
https://doi.org/10.2298/SARH1310705P
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as modulator of inflammation in pulmonary sarcoidosis
Pejčić Tatjana 
(Medicinski fakultet, Niš + Klinički centar, Klinika za plućne bolesti i tuberkulozu, Knez Selo, Niš)
Stanković Ivana (Medicinski fakultet, Niš + Klinički centar, Klinika za plućne bolesti i tuberkulozu, Knez Selo, Niš)
Rađenović-Petković Tatjana (Klinički centar, Klinika za plućne bolesti i tuberkulozu, Knez Selo, Niš)
Nastasijević-Borovac Desa (Klinički centar, Klinika za plućne bolesti i tuberkulozu, Knez Selo, Niš)
Đorđević Ivanka (Klinički centar, Klinika za plućne bolesti i tuberkulozu, Knez Selo, Niš)
Jeftović-Stoimenov Tatjana (Medicinski fakultet, Institut za biohemiju, Niš)
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) includes the family of
ligand-activated transcription factors which belong to the group of nuclear
hormone receptors and are connected to retinoid, glucocorticoid and thyroid
hormone receptors. There are three subtypes of PPARs: PPARα (also known as
NR1C3), PPARγ (known as NR1C1) and PPARδ (known as PPARβ or NR1C2). All of
them take part in the metabolism, cell proliferation and immune response.
PPARγ and PPARα are identified as important immunomodulators and potentially
represent an anti-inflammatory target for respiratory diseases. PPARγ
deficiency in the lungs has been observed in the inflammatory diseases such
as asthma, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, fibrosis and sarcoidosis, as well
as in the animal models of the lung inflammation. A small number of papers
concerned with PPARγ in sarcoidosis point to the lowered activity of this
factor in the alveolar macrophages and a lowered gene expression for the
PPARγ, while the activity is preserved in healthy individuals. At the same
time, an increased activity of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) in the
bronchoalveolar lavage has been recorded in patients with sarcoidosis. The
reason for the decrease in the production of PPARγ in sarcoidosis remains
unknown. Several possible mechanisms are mentioned: genetic defect with
lowered production, down-regulation due to the increased values of IFN-γ or
an increased decomposition of PPARγ. Further investigation will explain the
mechanisms regarding the decreased production of PPARγ in sarcoidosis.
Keywords: pulmonary sarcoidosis, bronchoalveolar lavage, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR)