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Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 2010 Volume 138, Issue 11-12, Pages: 726-731
https://doi.org/10.2298/SARH1012726L
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Is morning urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio a reliable estimator of 24-hour proteinuria in patients with kidney diseases?

Ležaić Višnja (Klinika za nefrologiju, Klinički centar Srbije, Beograd)
Ristić Stojanka (Klinika za nefrologiju, Klinički centar Srbije, Beograd)
Dopsaj Violeta (Institut za medicinsku biohemiju, Klinički centar Srbije, Beograd)
Marinković Jelena (Institut za socijalnu medicinu, statistiku i istraživanje u zdravstvu, Medicinski fakultet, Beograd)

Introduction. Proteinuria is the most frequent marker of kidney damage. Although 24-hour urinary proteinuria is the gold standard, the measurement of proteinuria from albumin urinary creatinine ratio is proposed as much useful metod. Objective. To evaluate the accuracy of urine protein-to-creatinine (P/Cr) ratio in morning urine specimens as compared with 24-hour total protein excretion for the measurement of proteinuria in patients with different kidney diseases and different renal function levels. Methods. Proteinuria in the studied patients was assessed by 24-hour protein excretion (24-hour PRT) and spot urine P/Cr ratio. The analysis of concordance between 24-hour PRT and P/ Cr was carried out using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired t-test and Bland-Altman plots. The discriminant cutoff values for spot urine P/Cr ratio in predicting 24-hour protein „threshold” excretion were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), as well as sensitivity and specificity. Results. A total of 303 patients were included in the study. The concordance between 24-hour PRT and P/Cr ratio was excellent (ICC 0.931). Systematic overestimation of PRT by urinary P/ Cr ratio was disclosed (mean difference 0.138, p=0.011). The P/ Cr of 0.25 (sensitivity 0.90; specificity 0.96), 0.66 (1.00; 0.91) and 2.55 (1.0; 0.97) g/g reliably predicted 24-hour urine total protein equivalent „thresholds” at 0.2, 1.0 and 3.5 g/day. The chronic renal failure group independently positively influenced the difference between 24-hour PRT and P/Cr. It means the lower the kidney function the higher is the difference between the two proteinuria measurements. Conclusion. This study supports the recommendation of using spot urine P/Cr ratio in proteinuria screening in patients with different kidney diseases. The obtained results indicated better agreement between morning P/Cr and 24-hour PRT in patients with lower proteinuria and better kidney function.

Keywords: proteinuria, spot morning urine, different kidney diseases

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