Learning objectives
Illustration oftypical and atypical imaging features of pulmonal (PTB) and extrapulmonal tuberculosis (EPTB) in HIV positive patients that could help us to make proper diagnosis and introduce adequate therapy.
Background
The greater virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, compared to other opportunistic pathogens that complicate HIV infection,
means that most patients who develop tuberculosis (TB) have not experienced other AIDS-defining infections (22).
TB occurs at relatively high levels of CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts,
although its frequency markedly increases in patients with more severe immunosuppression.
HIV-TB cases have been observed to have severe immunosuppression at presentation,
with several studies reporting CD4 counts of less than 200/μL (2).
Clinical presentation of TB in HIV-infected individuals depends on the level of...
Imaging findings OR Procedure details
A retrospective study was performed to document the radiological appearances of newly diagnosed pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis and its relationship with CD4+ T-lymphocyte count in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection.
Patients were hospitalized between 2007 and 2012 in Clinic for Infective and Tropical Diseases of Clinical Centre of Serbia inBelgrade.
Study included 17 patient,
12 males and 5 females with their age ranging from 21 years to 52 years,
who had 31 independent episode of tuberculosis.
Information on demography,
history,
signs and symptoms...
Conclusion
Study’s significance is reflected in realizing the variability of appearance of tuberculosis in HIV seropositive patients,
here presented in its radiology findings.
It is because the diagnosis of TB in HIV/AIDS patients is difficult and current diagnostic tools perform badly in HIV-positive patients.
However,
WHO guidelines recommend screening for TB in all HIV/AIDS patients,
so there is an urgent need to develop rapid,
simple,
specific and sensitive tuberculosis diagnostic tools for detection of TB in HIV-positive patients to reduce the delay in diagnosis,
number of...
References
Aderaye G,
Bruchfeld J,
Aseffa G,
et al.
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and other pulmonary infections in TB smear-negative HIV-positive patients with atypical chest X-ray inEthiopia.
Scand J Infect Dis.
2007;39(11-12):1045-1053.
Arora VK.
HIV and respiratory system - with special reference to tuberculosis-Indian perspective.
J Intern Med.
1997;8:125–127.
Berenguer J,
Moreno S,
Laguna F,
et al.
Tuberculous meningitis in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.
N Engl J Med.
1992;326:668-672.
Brauner M,
Buuffard MD,
Jeantils V,
Legrand I.
Sonography and computed tomography of macroscopic tuberculosis...
Personal Information
Dr Natasa Pujic Stanisavljev,
Department of Radiology,
General Hospital Sremska Mitrovica,Serbia,
e-mail:
[email protected]