In analogy with the method of Zener for the atoms from Li to F, simple rules are set up giving approximate analytic atomic wave functions for all the atoms, in any stage of ionization. These are applied to x-ray levels, sizes of atoms and ions, diamagnetic susceptibility, etc. In connection with ferromagnetism it is shown that if this really depends on the existence of incomplete shells within the atoms, rather far apart in the crystal, then the metals most likely to show it would be Fe, Co, Ni, and alloys of Mn and Cu (Heusler alloys).

• Received 26 May 1930

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.36.57