The effect of filler loading and morphology on the mechanical properties of contemporary composites☆,☆☆,★,★★
Section snippets
Filler morphological and elemental analysis
Table I lists the 14 commercial composites evaluated in this study.Group Product Manufacturer Lot number Filler morphology 1 Metafil CX Sun Medical, Shiga, Japan 70301 Pre-polymerized particles Silux Plus 3M, St. Paul, Minn. 5702XL Heliomolar Radiopaque Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein 818828 Palfique Estelite Tokuyama Soda, Tokyo, Japan 282 2 Aelitefil Bisco, Itasca, Ill. 089294 Irregular-shaped particles Charisma Kulzer, Friedrichsdorf, Germany 032 Herculite XR Kerr, Orange, Calif. 710552
Results
Figures 1 through 4 are representative SEM micrographs of the composites evaluated in this study.
Discussion
Factors that affect the characteristics of composites include the resin monomer, filler, and coupling agents. Filler content has been correlated with depth of polymerization, color stability, hardness, compressive strength, and stiffness. Increased filler loading has been shown to result in lower water absorption and higher resistance to both toothbrush abrasion and wear by hydroxyapatite.26 Thus, filler loading has been considered an important factor for determining the mechanical properties
Conclusions
Within the limitations of this study, composites could be classified by their filler morphology. Composites that contained prepolymerized filler particles had the lowest filler loading and therefore the lowest flexural properties and hardness. Composites that contained round filler particles had the highest filler loading, resulting in the highest flexural properties and hardness. Composites that contained either irregular-shaped or a mixture of prepolymerized and irregular-shaped filler
Supplementary Files
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aProfessor and Chairman, Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry and Institute of Biomaterials Research and Development, Kyungpook National University.
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bAssociate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Division of Biomaterials, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas.
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cProfessor, Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Materials Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University.
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Reprint requests to: Dr Kyo-Han Kim, Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry and Institute of Biomaterials Research and Development, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 700-422, Korea, Fax: (82)53-422-9631, E-mail: [email protected]