Issue 10, 2014

An organic ionic plastic crystal electrolyte for rate capability and stability of ambient temperature lithium batteries

Abstract

Reliable, safe and high performance solid electrolytes are a critical step in the advancement of high energy density secondary batteries. In the present work we demonstrate a novel solid electrolyte based on the organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC) triisobutyl(methyl)phosphonium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (P1444FSI). With the addition of 4 mol% LiFSI, the OIPC shows a high conductivity of 0.26 mS cm−1 at 22 °C. The ion transport mechanisms have been rationalized by compiling thermal phase behaviour and crystal structure information obtained by variable temperature synchrotron X-ray diffraction. With a large electrochemical window (ca. 6 V) and importantly, the formation of a stable and highly conductive solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), we were able to cycle lithium cells (Li|LiFePO4) at 30 °C and 20 °C at rates of up to 1 C with good capacity retention. At the 0.1 C rate, about 160 mA h g−1 discharge capacity was achieved at 20 °C, which is the highest for OIPC based cells to date. It is anticipated that these small phosphonium cation and [FSI] anion based OIPCs will show increasing significance in the field of solid electrolytes.

Graphical abstract: An organic ionic plastic crystal electrolyte for rate capability and stability of ambient temperature lithium batteries

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Paper
Submitted
07 Apr 2014
Accepted
10 Jul 2014
First published
10 Jul 2014

Energy Environ. Sci., 2014,7, 3352-3361

Author version available

An organic ionic plastic crystal electrolyte for rate capability and stability of ambient temperature lithium batteries

L. Jin, P. C. Howlett, J. M. Pringle, J. Janikowski, M. Armand, D. R. MacFarlane and M. Forsyth, Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 3352 DOI: 10.1039/C4EE01085J

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