SnO2–NiO–C nanocomposite as a high capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Mohd Faiz Hassan; M. M. Rahman; Zaiping Guo; Zhixin Chen; Huakun Liu

doi:10.1039/C0JM01341B

SnO₂–NiO–C nanocomposite as a high capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries†

Mohd Faiz Hassan,^ab M. M. Rahman,^a Zaiping Guo,*^ac Zhixin Chen^c and Huakun Liu^a

* Corresponding authors

^a Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
E-mail: zguo@uow.edu.au
Fax: +61-2-4221-5731
Tel: +61-2-4221-5225

^b Department of Sciences Physics, University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

^c School of Mechanical, Mechatronic and Materials Engineering, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia

Abstract

Carbon-coated SnO₂–NiO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized via the molten salt route, using SnCl₂·H₂O and NiCl₂·6H₂O as the starting materials, with a molten salt composition of H₂O₂ : LiOH·H₂O : LiNO₃ as a solvent at 300 °C. The synthesis was followed by a carbon layering process. The phases and morphology of the as-prepared samples were examined by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical investigation was carried out by using a series of complementary techniques, including galvanostatic charge–discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. The results confirmed that the carbon-coated SnO₂–NiO nanocomposite has higher discharge capacity, better rate capability, and excellent cycling performance in comparison to the uncoated SnO₂–NiO nanocomposite. The carbon-coated SnO₂–NiO nanocomposite electrode exhibited a reversible capacity of about 529 mA h g⁻¹ at 800 mA g⁻¹, and 265 mA h g⁻¹ at 1600 mA g⁻¹, even after 500 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the SnO₂–NiO–C nanocomposite can be mainly attributed to the combined effects of the nanostructure, the carbon layering on the SnO₂ and NiO nanoparticles, and the ultra-fine carbon matrix, because the three factors would contribute to high electronic conductivity, reduce the traverse time of electrons and lithium ions, and also prevent high volume expansion during cycling. Due to its excellent electrochemical performance, the SnO₂–NiO–C nanocomposite could be considered as a promising anode material for future lithium-ion batteries to be used in electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles.

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Article information

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C0JM01341B
Article type: Paper
Submitted: 06 May 2010
Accepted: 17 Aug 2010
First published: 16 Sep 2010

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J. Mater. Chem., 2010,20, 9707-9712

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SnO₂–NiO–C nanocomposite as a high capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries

M. F. Hassan, M. M. Rahman, Z. Guo, Z. Chen and H. Liu, J. Mater. Chem., 2010, 20, 9707 DOI: 10.1039/C0JM01341B

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