Issue 9, 2007
From the journal:

Green Chemistry

Assessing and improving the catalytic activity of K-10 montmorillonite†

Philip J. Wallis,a   Will P. Gates,ab   Antonio F. Patti,*ac   Janet L. Scott‡a  and  Euneace Teoha  

* Corresponding authors

a Centre for Green Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
E-mail: Antonio.Patti@sci.monash.edu.au
Fax: +61 03 99054597
Tel: +61 03 99051620

b Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

c School of Applied Sciences and Engineering, Monash University, Churchill, Australia
E-mail: Tony.Patti@sci.monash.edu.au

Abstract

K-10 montmorillonite, commonly used as a heterogeneous acid catalyst, was found to vary in the extent of acid-treatment, with some batches exhibiting significantly reduced catalytic activity in Brønsted acid-catalysed reactions. K-10 was thus further treated with HCl of varying concentrations to increase its activity in acid-catalysed reactions. Acid-treated clays exhibited significant enhancements in catalytic activity in three test reactions; tetrahydropyranylation of ethanol, diacetylation of benzaldehyde and esterification of succinic anhydride. Acid-treatment of K-10 was shown to result in protonation, and loss of layer stacking of the clay structure, as determined by powder X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area measurements. Quantifiable physical changes to the K-10 correlated with measurable increases in catalytic activity. Standard procedures for assessing acid-treated montmorillonite clay catalysts, such as K-10, and procedures for obtaining the most effective catalyst for acid-catalysed reactions, involving analytical and synthetic techniques, were devised.

Graphical abstract: Assessing and improving the catalytic activity of K-10 montmorillonite

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Article information

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1039/B701504F
Article type
Paper
Submitted
31 Jan 2007
Accepted
10 Apr 2007
First published
03 May 2007

Green Chem., 2007,9, 980-986

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Assessing and improving the catalytic activity of K-10 montmorillonite

P. J. Wallis, W. P. Gates, A. F. Patti, J. L. Scott and E. Teoh, Green Chem., 2007, 9, 980 DOI: 10.1039/B701504F

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