Abstract
Leafminers are the mostimportant insect pests of vegetables inHangzhou area, Zhejiang province, SoutheastChina as well as in the rest of China, but havenever been investigated for speciescomposition, relative abundance and theirassociated parasitoids. A survey was conductedin four localities of Hangzhou area during 1998–2000to determine the distribution ofleafminers and their parasitoids on vegetablecrops and weeds in the field. Over 20,000leafminers were collected and reared. Theleafminer species found were Liriomyzasativae, L. chinensis and Chromatomyia horticola, with C.horticola and L. sativae the mostabundant in spring and autumn, respectively.About 11,000 parasitoid adults were reared fromthe leafminers collected. In total 14hymenopteran species of four families (onebraconid, 10 eulophids, one megaspilid and onepteromalid) were found. Eleven species werereared from C. horticola, nine from L. sativae and seven from L. chinensis.Opius caricivorae and Chrysocharispentheus were the dominant species. Sevenspecies were recorded from L. chinensisfor the first time. Eleven parasitoid specieswere reared from leafminers on two weeds (Veronica undulata and Sonchusoleraceus). Parasitoids caused 48.5–68.8%parasitism on leafminers on crops and 83.7%parasitism on leafminers on weeds in the latergrowing season of vegetable crops. The resultssuggest that leafminer populations areregulated to a certain extent by their naturalenemies in the field.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chen, N., 1999. Identification of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and its similar species in China. Entomological Knowledge 36(4): 222–226.
Chen, X., J. He, Z. Xu and Y. Ma, 2001. A review of research and utilization of parasitoids to suppress Liriomyza pests. Chinese Journal of Biological Control 17(1): 30–34 (in Chinese).
Chen, X., Z. Xu, F. Lang, J. He, Y. Ma and L. Rong, 2001. The occureence of Chromatomyia horticola (Goureua) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and its parasitoids (Hymenoptera) in the suburbs of Hangzhou, Zhrejiang province of China. Entomological Journal of East China 10(1): 30–33 (in Chinese).
Chien, C. and S. Ku, 1998. The occurrence of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) and its parasitoids on fields of Gerbera jamesonii. Chinese Journal of Entomology 18: 187–197 (in Chinese).
Bene, G. del, 1989. Natural enemies of Liriromyza trifolii (Burgess), Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) and Chromatomyia syngenesiae Hardy (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Tuscany. Redia 72(2): 529–544.
Fischer, M., 1977. Hymenoptera Braconidae (Opiinae II-Amerika). Das Tierreich 96: 1–1001.
Hidalgo, J.E. and V.M. Carballo, 1991. Influence of weeds on the natural control agents of Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae). Manejo Integrado de Plagas 20: 49–54 (in Spanish).
Johnson, M.W., E.R. Oatman and J.A. Wyman, 1980a. Effects of insecticides on populations of the vegetable leafminer and associated parasites on fall pole potatoes. Journal of Economic Entomology 73: 61–71.
Johnson, M.W., E.R. Oatman and J.A. Wyman, 1980b. Natural control of Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in pole tomatoes in southern California. Entomophaga 25: 193–198.
Kang, L., 1996. Ecology and sustainable control of Liriomyza species. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
LaSalle, J. and M.P. Parrella, 1991. The Chalcidoid parasites (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) of economically important Liriomyza species (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in North America. Proceedings of Entomological Society Washington 93(3): 571–591.
Palumbo, J.C., C.H. Mullis, Jr. and F.J. Reyes, 1994. Composition, seasonal abundance, and parasitism of Liriomyza (Diptera: Agromyzidae) species on lettuce in Arizona. Journal of Economic Entomology 87(4): 1070–1077.
Parkman, P., J.A. Dusky and V.H. Waddill, 1989. Leafminer and leafminer parasitoid incidence on selected weeds in south Florida. Florida Entonologist 72(3): 559–561.
Parrellla, M.P., 1987. Biology of Liriomyza. Annual Review of Entomology 32: 201–224.
Schuster, D.J and R.A. Wharton, 1993. Hymenopterous parasitoids of leafmining Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on tomato in Florida. Environmental Entomology 22(5): 1188–1191.
Spencer, K.A., 1973. Agromyzidae (Diptera) of economic importance. Ser. Entomol. 9: 1–418.
Xu, Z., Z. Gao, X. Chen, R. Hou and L. Zeng, 1999. Hymenopterous parasitoids of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Guangdong province, China. Natural Enemies of Insects 21(3): 126–131 (in Chinese).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Xx., Lang, Fy., Xu, Zh. et al. The occurrence of leafminers and their parasitoids on vegetables and weeds in Hangzhou area, Southeast China. BioControl 48, 515–527 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025726813462
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025726813462