ReviewDo non-nutritive sweeteners influence acute glucose homeostasis in humans? A systematic review
Section snippets
Principles in regulating postprandial glycemia
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to increase and finding effective strategies to regulate blood glucose levels is critical. While fasting blood glucose levels have been used as an indicator of glucose management, controlling postprandial blood glucose, i.e. lowering glucose peaks and fluctuations, is key to preventing long-term health consequences [1], [2]. Maintenance of blood glucose within a specific range is referred to as glucose homeostasis, which involves the regulation of
Effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on human glucose homeostasis
The effects of NNS on a wide range of factors related to blood glucose regulation, such as insulin, glucagon, incretins (GLP-1 and GIP), gastric emptying rate, and glucose absorption rates were considered to provide a more complete picture of how NNS influence glucose homeostasis.
Conclusion
The scope of this review was to review the acute effects of NNS on acute glucose homeostasis. Considering the various study designs and the totality of available human data, NNS appeared to exert some physiological responses, albeit inconsistently. Under acute conditions, when administered without a carbohydrate load, NNS do not reliably differ from water in their effects on blood glucose. When NNS are compared to nutritive sweeteners, reduced blood glucose is attributed to the lower
Conflict of interests
The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Authorship
All authors contributed equally to the conception, execution and writing of this review. The authors have read and approved the final version of this manuscript.
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