How profitable is the Indian stock market?
Introduction
The growth of the Indian stock market over the last decade has been impressive, particularly in terms of market capitalization, number of listed companies, and turnover rate. Market capitalization as a percentage of GDP of the National Stock Exchange (NSE), for instance, increased from 35% in 2001 to 85% in 2011. Similarly, the number of companies listed on the NSE more than doubled over the corresponding period, from 720 to 1552. Likewise, the turnover on the Indian stock market increased from US$621 billion in 2010 to US$1056 billion in 2011. For all its impressive growth, India achieved a global rank of 7th in terms of market capitalization, 10th in terms of total value traded, and 22nd in terms of turnover ratio, as of December 2010 (NSE, 2011).
The impressive growth of the Indian stock market has attracted research on the efficiency (or otherwise) of the market. There are a number of studies that examine the efficiency of the Indian stock market (see, inter alia, Dicle et al., 2010, Kumar et al., 2011, Majumder, 2013, Mishra et al., 2011, Narayan et al., 2014a, Narayan et al., 2014b; and Narayan and Ahmed, in press). There are two ways in which this literature can be taken forward. First, these studies do not provide an economic significance analysis with respect to market efficiency or inefficiency. Therefore, it is unclear how profitable the Indian stock market is. Second, if an investor wants to invest in the Indian stock market, which sectors should she invest in? This question remains unanswered in these studies.1
Therefore, from this growing literature on the Indian stock market, there are clearly four things which are relatively less understood. These are:
- 1.
The Indian stock market may be profitable but do profits vary from sector-to-sector?
- 2.
Can investors use different trading strategies to make profits from the Indian stock market? If yes, how much do the profits vary from sector-to-sector as trading strategies change?
- 3.
Short-selling is a feature of the Indian market; therefore, what effect does short-selling has on sectoral profits?
- 4.
The most recent global financial crisis has affected stock markets globally; therefore, has the crisis affected sectoral profits on the Indian stock market?
To the best of our knowledge, none of these questions has been answered in the literature. Our study provides the first attempt at addressing each of these questions. Our approach is as follows. We utilise a range of technical trading rules and momentum trading rules to identify winners and losers and form returns for momentum and zero-cost portfolios. We also consider ranking stocks based on moving average rules and then undertaking long and short positions. Taking long and short positions based on a ranking of sectors allows an investor to diversify risk and consider a portfolio of sectors in her trading strategy. More details on our approach are provided in the next section.
Section snippets
Moving average ranking-based trading strategy
In this section, we consider trading strategies based on moving average rules. The moving average technical trading rules are popular trading strategies, particularly in the foreign exchange market (see, for instance, Lee and Mathur, 1996a, Lee and Mathur, 1996b, and Szakmary and Mathur, 1997) and commodity markets (see Narayan et al., 2013, Narayan et al., 2014b). We begin as follows:
- 1.
We compute the monthly long-run (LR) and short-run (SR) moving averages (MA) using identified intervals for LR
Data
Our data set comes from the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India. We use the monthly S&P CNX Nifty, the index of the NSE, which is comprised of 50 stocks from 24 sectors of the Indian economy; for a nice recent discussion on the Indian stock market, see Narayan et al., 2014a, Narayan et al., 2014b. We use only six sectors in our analysis. We choose these six sectors because they are the only sectors for which data are available from January 2001 to December 2012. For the rest of the sectors,
Concluding remarks
In this paper we examine whether, using a range of trading strategies, investors can make profits from the Indian stock market. Our contributions are three-fold. First, unlike the extant literature, we examine profitability at the sector-level; yet, we do not ignore the market. We employ a range of trading strategies, allowing an investor to take long and short positions, and consistently find that the IT sector is the most profitable. Second, a controversial issue about which not much public
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