Cell Metabolism
Volume 22, Issue 6, 1 December 2015, Pages 1078-1089
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Fetuin B Is a Secreted Hepatocyte Factor Linking Steatosis to Impaired Glucose Metabolism

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.023Get rights and content
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Highlights

  • Factors released by steatotic hepatocytes cause insulin resistance and inflammation

  • The complement of proteins secreted by hepatocytes is impacted by steatosis

  • Fetuin B is secreted by hepatocytes and is increased in type 2 diabetes patients

  • Fetuin B knockdown improves glucose metabolism in obese mice

Summary

Liver steatosis is associated with the development of insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that protein signals originating from steatotic hepatocytes communicate with other cells to modulate metabolic phenotypes. We show that the secreted factors from steatotic hepatocytes induce pro-inflammatory signaling and insulin resistance in cultured cells. Next, we identified 168 hepatokines, of which 32 were differentially secreted in steatotic versus non-steatotic hepatocytes. Targeted analysis showed that fetuin B was increased in humans with liver steatosis and patients with type 2 diabetes. Fetuin B impaired insulin action in myotubes and hepatocytes and caused glucose intolerance in mice. Silencing of fetuin B in obese mice improved glucose tolerance. We conclude that the protein secretory profile of hepatocytes is altered with steatosis and is linked to inflammation and insulin resistance. Therefore, preventing steatosis may limit the development of dysregulated glucose metabolism in settings of overnutrition.

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Present address: Discipline of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia

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Present address: Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia