Elsevier

Brain Stimulation

Volume 8, Issue 3, May–June 2015, Pages 660-661
Brain Stimulation

Letter to the Editor
Intrasession Reliability of Single and Paired Pulse TMS Evoked From the Biceps Brachii Representation of the Human Motor Cortex

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.402Get rights and content

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Cited by (5)

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    Induced current effects on TMS efficacy may be different in proximal relative to distal muscles because distal muscles have a higher density of corticospinal neurons in the motor cortex [39], differences in spontaneous motor outflow [24], and are less innervated by other pathways (e.g., cortical-reticulospinal) [18]. These characteristics can contribute to differences in corticospinal pathway excitability and variability in responses to TMS between distal hand muscles and proximal arm muscles when the same stimulus waveform is applied [40]; however, no difference has also been reported [7]. Regarding TMS pulse waveform, biPA-AP is the most common waveform used to deliver rTMS protocols that aim to promote neuroplasticity [21,26,30], and monoPA is the most common waveform used to assess changes in excitability after rTMS [21,26,30].

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    Improved reporting of such methods would increase the standardisation of TMS delivery. Also, four studies did not randomise the collection of single and pp MEPs within testing blocks (Corp et al. 2015, Fried et al. 2017b, Singh et al. 2016; Gomes-Osman. unpublished) (Table 1).

  • Test-retest reliability of short-interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation in patients with schizophrenia

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    However, to our knowledge, this is the first study addressing the reliability of SICI in schizophrenia. The ICC values on 1 and 3 ms ISIs SICI were above 0.6 for both healthy and patient groups, suggesting acceptable, but not great, test-retest reliabilities, which are consistent with the observation in healthy individuals (Boroojerdi et al., 2000; Corp et al., 2015; Du et al., 2014; Fleming et al., 2012; O'Leary et al., 2015; Matamala et al., 2018). An acceptable test-retest reliability 3∼4 weeks apart is helpful also because many clinical trials exploring novel pharmaceutical mechanisms typically use 2 to 8 weeks of dosing to evaluate initial efficacy.

Funding and disclosures: The contributions of DC were supported in part by an Endeavour Research Fellowship awarded by the Australian Government Department of Education. None of the authors have potential conflicts of interest to be disclosed.

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