ReviewApplications of resistive heating in gas chromatography: A review
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Scope and aims of this review
There have been two recent reviews focusing on resistive heating in gas chromatography (GC). Wang et al. provided an excellent overview of the differences between convection oven heating and resistive heating, the authors document the development and application of different embodiments of resistively heated GC, and outline the pros and cons of each resistive heating strategy [1]. Smith reviewed resistively heated GC, focusing on person-portable GC, micromachined chip GC, and portable GC–MS [2]
Resistively heated gas chromatography
The technical challenges of resistively heating a capillary column are significant compared to convection oven heating. As a result, a single best technology for resistive heating in GC is yet to be determined, despite a large amount of research having been performed to optimise such technologies. There are a myriad of approaches available for the construction of resistively heated capillary columns of which there are three broad classes (as identified in reference [1]):
- 1.
Direct resistive
Environmental analysis
Resistively heated GC has been applied to shorten the analysis time of important semi-volatile analyses such as that of pesticide residues [6], [8], [22], [60], [61], [62], [63], [64]. Sasamoto et al. performed an analysis of 82 pesticides present in spiked green tea extracts using two resistively heated collinear columns in parallel to allow analyte confirmation via differential retention times on two stationary phases (DB-5 and DB-17) [11]. Despite the fact that some pesticides were co-eluted
Conclusion
Resistive heating in GC represents a paradigm shift and seems a logical direction for the future of GC analysis once a small selection of limitations are addressed. One issue with the migrating to the fast temperature programming offered by resistive heating is that of method validation. One of the attractive features of convection oven GC is that the methodology to achieve many separations is already in place and standardised between laboratories. For resistively heated GC to become widely
Acknowledgements
This project was supported by the Australian Research Council's Discovery Project funding scheme (project number DP110104923). Robert Shellie is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Australian Research Fellowship (project number DP110104923). Emily Hilder is the recipient of an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (project number FT0990512).
Matthew R. Jacobs is a PhD candidate at the University of Tasmania working at the Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS). His research focus involves the application of resistive heating towards fast temperature programmed gas chromatography and portable multidimensional GC analysis.
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Matthew R. Jacobs is a PhD candidate at the University of Tasmania working at the Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS). His research focus involves the application of resistive heating towards fast temperature programmed gas chromatography and portable multidimensional GC analysis.
Emily F. Hilder is Professor and ARC Future Fellow in the Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS) and School of Chemistry at the University of Tasmania. Her research focuses on the design and application of new polymeric materials, in particular polymer monoliths, in all areas of separation science. She is also interested in the development of miniaturised analytical systems, particularly for applications in clinical diagnostics and remote monitoring. She has over 85 peer-reviewed publications and was recently recognised as the LCGC Emerging Leader in Chromatography (2012). She is also an Editor of Journal of Separation Science.
Robert A. Shellie is Associate Professor and Australian Research Council Australian Research Fellow at University of Tasmania, where he is a key researcher in the Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS). He has a substantial interest in hyphenated techniques in chromatography, and is currently working on development and application of field-portable multidimensional GC instrumentation employing resistive heating.