Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

‘I’m not like that, why treat me the same way?’ The impact of stereotyping international students on their learning, employability and connectedness with the workplace

  • Published:
The Australian Educational Researcher Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A significant body of literature on international education examines the experiences of international students in the host country. There is however a critical lack of empirical work that investigates the dynamic and complex positioning of international students within the current education-migration nexus that prevails international education in countries such as Australia, Canada and the UK. This paper addresses an important but under-researched area of the education-migration landscape by examining how the stereotyping of students as mere ‘migration hunters’ may impact their study and work experiences. It draws on a four-year research project funded by the Australian Research Council that includes more than 150 interviews and fieldwork in the Australian vocational education context. Positioning theory is used as a conceptual framework to analyse how generalising international students as ‘mere migration hunters’ has led to the disconnectedness, vulnerability and marginalization of the group of international students participating in this research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. PR is the abbreviation of permanent residency commonly used in Australia.

References

  • ABC Four Corners. (2015). Degrees of Deception. http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2015/04/20/4217741.htm

  • AEI. (2015). Summary of international student enrolment data. Retrieved 18 May 2015. https://internationaleducation.gov.au/research/International-Student-Data/Documents/Monthly%20summaries%20of%20international%20student%20enrolment%20data%202014/12_December_2014_MonthlySummary.pdf

  • Akiba, M. (2011). Identifying program characteristics for preparing pre-service teachers for diversity. Teachers College Record, 113(3), 658–697.

    Google Scholar 

  • Archer, J. (1999). Teachers’ beliefs about successful teaching and learning in mathematics. Paper (ARC99491) presented at the combined meeting of the Australian Association for Research in Education and the New Zealand Association for Research in Education, Melbourne, Australia, 29 Nov–2 Dec, 1999.

  • Attwell, G. (1999). New roles for vocational education and training teachers and trainers in Europe: A new framework for their education. Industrial and Commercial Training, 31(5), 190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baas, M. (2006). Students of migration: Indian overseas students and the question of permanent residency. People and Place, 14(1), 9–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birrell, R., & Healy, E. (2010). The February 2010 reforms and the international student industry. People and Place, 18(1), 65–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birrell, B., Healy, E., & Kinnaird, B. (2009). The cooking-immigration nexus (report). People and Place, 17(1), 63–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Birrell, B., & Perry, B. (2009). Immigration policy change and the international student industry. People and Place, 17(2), 64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breault, R. A. (1995). Preparing preservice teachers for culturally diverse classrooms. The Educational Forum, 59(3), 265–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Capella-Santana, N. (2003). Voices of teacher candidates: Positive changes in multicultural attitudes and knowledge. Journal of Educational Research, 96(3), 182–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Commission, Productivity. (2011). Vocational education and training workforce. Canberra: Research Report.

    Google Scholar 

  • CPUR. (2012). Immigration overshoot. Centre for Population and Urban Research: Monash University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, B., & Harré, R. (1990). Positioning: The discursive production of selves. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 20(1), 43–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DIAC Department of Immigration and Citizenship (2010). Introduction of New Points Test. Retrieved 28 Feb 2015. http://www.immi.gov.au/skilled/general-skilled-migration/pdf/points-fact.pdf

  • Downey, J. A., & Cobbs, G. A. (2007). I actually learned a lot from this”: A field assignment to prepare future preservice math teachers for culturally diverse classrooms. School Science and Mathematics, 107(1), 391–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Firestone, W. A., & Rosenblum, S. (1988). Building commitment in urban high schools. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 10(4), 285–299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garmon, M. A. (2004). Changing preservice teachers’ attitudes/beliefs about diversity—what are the critical factors. Journal of Teacher Education. 55(3), 201–213.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gribble, C., & Blackmore, J. (2012). Re-positioning Australia’s international education in global knowledge economies: Implications of shifts in skilled migration policies for universities. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 34(4), 341–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guthrie, H. (2010). Professional development in the vocational education and training workforce. NCVER

  • Hare, J. (2015). Foreign students bring in $16bn to Australia. The Australian. http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/foreign-students-bring-in-16bn-to-australia/story-e6frgcjx-1227207034946

  • Harré, R., Moghaddam, F., Pilkerton-Cairnie, T., Rothbart, D., & Sabat, S. (2009). Recent advances in positioning theory. Theory and Psychology, 19(1), 5–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harré, R., & van Langenhove, L. (1999). The Dynamics of Social Episodes. In R. Harré & L. Van Langenhove (Eds.), Positioning theory: Moral contexts of intentional action (pp. 1–13). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hawthorne, L. (2014). Indian students and the evolution of the study–migration pathway in Australia. International Migration, 52(2), 3–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillier, Y. (2009). Innovation in teaching and learning in vocational education and training: International perspectives: NCVER.

  • Hollway, W. (1984). Gender difference and the production of subjectivity. In J. Henriques, W. Hollway, C. Urwin, C. Venn, & V. Walkerdine (Eds.), Changing the subject: Psychology, social regulation and subjectivity (pp. 227–263). London: Methuen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinnaird, B. (2015). Foreign students exploited as temporary workers. University World News, 23 October 2015. Issue no: 387

  • Lanas, M. (2014). Failing intercultural education? ‘Thoughtfulness’ in intercultural education for student teachers. European Journal of Teacher Education, 37(2), 171–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leask, B. (2009). Using formal and informal curricula to improve interactions between home and international students. Journal of Studies in International Education, 13(2), 205–221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marginson, S., Nyland, C., Sawir, E., & Forbes-Mewett, H. (2010). International student security. Melbourne: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, C. (2008). Making a difference: Moving beyond the superficial treatment of diversity. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 36(4), 261–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakar, S. (2013). Understanding VET teachers’ challenges in providing quality education to international students. International Journal of Training Research, 11(1), 79–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neilson, B. (2009). The world seen from a taxi: Students-migrants-workers in the global multiplication of labour. Subjectivity, 29(1), 425–444.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nespor, J. (1987). The role of beliefs in the practice of teaching. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 19(4), 317–328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyland, C., Forbes-Mewett, H., Marginson, S., Ramia, G., Sawir, E., & Smith, S. (2009). International student-workers in Australia: A new vulnerable workforce. Journal of Education and Work, 22(1), 1–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OECD (2014). Education at a glace 2014. Paris: OECD. Retrieved on 10 April, 2015. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/9614031ec011.pdf?expires=1434084634&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=1816F395DF76A93E91BEA0D6D593310E.

  • Patrick, C.-J., Peach, D., Pocknee, C., Webb, F., Fletcher, M., & Pretto, G. (2008). The WIL (Work Integrated Learning) report: A national scoping study [final report]. In Queensland University of Technology (Ed.). Brisbane: Australian Learning and Teaching Council

  • Pattnaik, J. (1997). Cultural stereotypes and preservice education: Moving beyond our biases. Equity and Excellence in Education, 30(3), 40–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, M. (2009, 22 July). Students offered false hope of residency, report warns, The Age.

  • Pettit, S. K. (2011). Teachers’ beliefs about english language learners in the mainstream classroom: A review of the literature. International Multilingual Research Journal, 5(2), 123–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pyne, C. (2015). Education exports worth $18.1 billion. Media release. https://www.pyneonline.com.au/media-centre/media-releases/education-exports-worth-181-billion.

  • Robertson, S. (2011). Cash cows, backdoor migrants, or activist citizens? International students, citizenship, and rights in Australia. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 34(12), 2192–2211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rokeach, M. (1968). Beliefs, attitudes, and values: A theory of organization and change. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryan, J. (2011). Teaching and learning for international students: Towards a transcultural approach. Teachers and Teaching, 17(6), 631–648.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sigel, I. E. (1985). A conceptual analysis of beliefs. In I. E. Sigel (Ed.), Parental belief systems: The psychological consequences for children (pp. 345–371). Hillsdale: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang, A. Z. R., Rowe, F., Corcoran, J., & Sigler, T. (2014). Where are the overseas graduates staying on? Overseas graduate migration and rural attachment in Australia. Applied Geography, 53, 66–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, A. (1992). Teachers’ beliefs and conceptions: A synthesis of the research. In D. A. Grouws (Ed.), Handbook of research on mathematics teaching and learning (pp. 127–146). New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran, L. T. (2011). Committed, face-value, hybrid or mutual adaptation? The experiences of international students in higher education. Educational Review, 63(1), 79–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tran, L. T. (2013). Teaching international students in vocational education: New pedagogical approaches. Camberwell: ACER Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran, L. T (2015). Mobility as ‘becoming’: A Bourdieuian analysis of the factors shaping international student mobility. British Journal of Sociology of Education. doi:10.1080/01425692.2015.1044070.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran, L. T., & Nguyen, N. T. (2015). Re-imagining teachers’ identity and professionalism under the condition of international education. Teachers and Teaching, 21(8), 958-973 doi:10.1080/13540602.2015.1005866.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tran, L. T., & Nyland, C. (2011). International vocational education and training—the migration and learning mix. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 51(1), 8–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran, M. T., Young, R. L., & Di Lella, J. D. (1994). Multicultural education courses and the student teacher: Eliminating stereotypical attitudes in our ethnically diverse classroom. Journal of Teacher Education, 45(3), 183–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valentin, K. (2014). Transnational education and the remaking of social identity: Nepalese student migration to Denmark. Identities, 22, 1–15. ahead-of-print.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Langenhove, L., & Harré, R. (1999). Introducing positioning theory. In R. Harré & L. Van Langenhove (Eds.), Positioning theory: Moral contexts of intentional action (pp. 14–31). Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the anonymous reviewer for his/her helpful comments which help us considerably improve this paper. We acknowledge with thanks the valuable insights shared by our participants and the funding from the Australian Research Council for this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ly Thi Tran.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Tran, L.T., Vu, T.T.P. ‘I’m not like that, why treat me the same way?’ The impact of stereotyping international students on their learning, employability and connectedness with the workplace. Aust. Educ. Res. 43, 203–220 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-015-0198-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-015-0198-8

Keywords

Navigation