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Sarcopenia and the Common Mental Disorders: a Potential Regulatory Role of Skeletal Muscle on Brain Function?

  • Nutrition, Exercise, and Lifestyle in Osteoporosis (CM Weaver and R Daly, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

While it is understood that body composition impacts on physical conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, it is only now apparent that body composition might play a role in the genesis of common mental disorders, depression and anxiety. Sarcopenia occurs in ageing and comprises a progressive decline in muscle mass, strength and function, leading to frailty, decreased independence and poorer quality of life. This review presents an emerging body of evidence to support the hypothesis that shared pathophysiological pathways for sarcopenia and the common mental disorders constitute links between skeletal muscle and brain function. Contracting skeletal muscle secretes neurotrophic factors that are known to play a role in mood and anxiety, and have the dual role of nourishing neuronal growth and differentiation, while protecting the size and number of motor units in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, skeletal muscle activity has important immune and redox effects that impact behaviour and reduce muscle catabolism.

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Acknowledgments

LJW is supported by a NHMRC Career Development Fellowship (1064272); FNJ is supported by a post-graduate scholarship from the Australian Rotary Health Fund and a Postdoctoral Training Fellowship from the NHMRC; SLB-O is supported by an Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Research Fellowship; MB is supported by a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship. These funding organisations played no role in the preparation, review and approval of the manuscript.

Compliance with Ethics Guidelines

ᅟ

Conflict of Interest

JAP has received grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), the BUPA Foundation and the Western Alliance; LJW has received grants from Eli Lilly, Pfizer, The University of Melbourne, Deakin University and the NHMRC; FNJ has received grants from the Brain and Behaviour Research Institute, the NHMRC, Australian Rotary Health, the Geelong Medical Research Foundation, the Ian Potter Foundation, Eli Lilly, the Meat and Livestock Board and The University of Melbourne and has received speakers honoraria from Sanofi-Synthelabo, Janssen Cilag, Servier, Pfizer, Health Ed, Network Nutrition, Angelini Farmaceutica, and Eli Lilly; NS has received grants from the NHMRC, Financial Markets Foundation for Children and Deakin University; SLB-O has received grants from the Victorian Orthopaedic Research Trust, Arthritis Australia (Zimmer Australia), The University of Melbourne, Arthritis Victoria and the Australian Association of Gerontology, Deakin University and the City of Greater Geelong; MB has received grants from the NIH, Simons Autism Foundation, Stanley Medical Research Foundation, NHMRC and CRC for Mental Health, he has been a paid consultant for Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Glaxo SmithKline, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck and Pfizer and a paid speaker for Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Glaxo SmithKline, Lundbeck and Merck; FNJ has received grants from the Brain and Behaviour Research Institute, NHMRC, Australian Rotary Health, the Meat and Livestock Board and has been a paid speaker for Sanofi-Synthelabo, Janssen Cilag, Servier and Health Ed.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

All studies by the authors involving animal and/or human subjects were performed after approval by the appropriate institutional review boards. When required, written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, Australia

    Julie A. Pasco, Lana J. Williams, Felice N. Jacka, Nicole Stupka, Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen, Kara L. Holloway & Michael Berk

  2. NorthWest Academic Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, 3021, Australia

    Julie A. Pasco & Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen

  3. Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia

    Felice N. Jacka & Michael Berk

  4. Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, 3000, Australia

    Felice N. Jacka

  5. Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Felice N. Jacka

  6. Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, 3052, Australia

    Michael Berk

  7. Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Parkville, 3052, Australia

    Michael Berk

Authors
  1. Julie A. Pasco
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  2. Lana J. Williams
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  3. Felice N. Jacka
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  4. Nicole Stupka
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  5. Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen
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  6. Kara L. Holloway
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  7. Michael Berk
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Julie A. Pasco.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Nutrition, Exercise, and Lifestyle in Osteoporosis

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Pasco, J.A., Williams, L.J., Jacka, F.N. et al. Sarcopenia and the Common Mental Disorders: a Potential Regulatory Role of Skeletal Muscle on Brain Function?. Curr Osteoporos Rep 13, 351–357 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-015-0279-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-015-0279-7

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