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Fall and Fracture Risk in Sarcopenia and Dynapenia With and Without Obesity: the Role of Lifestyle Interventions

  • Nutrition, Exercise, and Lifestyle in Osteoporosis (CM Weaver and R Daly, Section Editors)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Due to their differing etiologies and consequences, it has been proposed that the term “sarcopenia” should revert to its original definition of age-related muscle mass declines, with a separate term, “dynapenia”, describing muscle strength and function declines. There is increasing interest in the interactions of sarcopenia and dynapenia with obesity. Despite an apparent protective effect of obesity on fracture, increased adiposity may compromise bone health, and the presence of sarcopenia and/or dynapenia (“sarcopenic obesity” and “dynapenic obesity”) may exacerbate the risk of falls and fracture in obese older adults. Weight loss interventions are likely to be beneficial for older adults with sarcopenic and dynapenic obesity but may result in further reductions in muscle and bone health. The addition of exercise including progressive resistance training and nutritional strategies, including protein and vitamin D supplementation, may optimise body composition and muscle function outcomes thereby reducing falls and fracture risk in this population.

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Conflict of Interest

D. Scott has no conflicts of interest to disclose.

R. M. Daly has received sponsorship from Ostelin and Danone Research, research support from Meat and Livestock Australia, and payment for the development of educational presentations from Abbott Nutrition, Fonterra, Servier, and Merck Sharpe & Dohme.

K.M. Sanders has received research support from Merck Sharpe & Dohme.

P.R. Ebeling has received sponsorship and research support from Merck Sharpe & Dohme.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

All studies by the authors involving animal and/or human subjects were performed after approval by the appropriate institutional review boards. When required, written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, VIC, Australia, 3168

    David Scott & Peter R. Ebeling

  2. Melbourne Medical School (Western Campus) and Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Sunshine Hospital, The University of Melbourne, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, VIC, Australia, 3021

    David Scott, Kerrie M. Sanders & Peter R. Ebeling

  3. Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, Australia, 3125

    Robin M. Daly

  4. Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Level 6, 215 Spring Street, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, 3000

    Kerrie M. Sanders

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  1. David Scott
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  2. Robin M. Daly
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  3. Kerrie M. Sanders
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  4. Peter R. Ebeling
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Correspondence to David Scott.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Nutrition, Exercise, and Lifestyle in Osteoporosis

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Scott, D., Daly, R.M., Sanders, K.M. et al. Fall and Fracture Risk in Sarcopenia and Dynapenia With and Without Obesity: the Role of Lifestyle Interventions. Curr Osteoporos Rep 13, 235–244 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11914-015-0274-z

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