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Modified moment-based image watermarking method robust to cropping attack

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Abstract

Developing a watermarking method that is robust to cropping attack is a challenging task in image watermarking. The moment-based watermarking schemes show good robustness to common signal processing attacks and some geometric attacks but are sensitive to cropping attack. In this paper, we modify the moment-based approach to deal with cropping attack. Firstly, we find the probability density function (PDF) of the pixel value distribution from the original image. Secondly, we reshape and normalize the pdf of the pixel value distribution (PPVD) to form a two dimensional image. Then, the moment invariants are calculated from the PPVD image. Since PPVD is insensitive to cropping, the proposed method is robust to cropping attack. Besides, it also has high robustness against other common attacks. Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Authors and Affiliations

Authors

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Correspondence to Tian-Rui Zong.

Additional information

This work was partially funded by the Australian Research Council (No.DP110102076).

Recommended by Associate Editor Yi Cao

Tian-Rui Zong graduated from Beihang University, China in 2009. He received the M. Sc. degree from the University of Edinburgh, UK in 2010. He is currently a Ph. D. candidate in Deakin University, Australia.

His research interests include image watermarking and image processing.

ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9185-0304

Yong Xiang received the Ph.D. degree in electrical and electronic engineering from The University of Melbourne, Australia. He is a professor and the director of the Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing Research Cluster, School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Australia. He has served as program chair, TPC chair, symposium chair, and session chair for a number of international conferences. He currently serves as associate editor of IEEE Access. Dr. Xiang is a senior member of the IEEE.

His research interests include signal and system estimation, information and network security, multimedia (speech/image/video) processing, and wireless sensor networks.

Suzan Elbadry received the B. Sc. degree in computer science and technology from Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt in 2004. She is currently a Ph.D. candidate in multimedia security from the School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.

Her research interests include lossless data hiding, digital watermarking and image quality assessment.

Saeid Nahavandi received a Ph.D. degree from Durham University, UK. He is an Alfred Deakin professor, chair of engineering, and the director of the Center for Intelligent Systems Research at Deakin University, Australia. He has published over 500 papers in various international journals and conferences.

His research interests include modeling of complex systems, robotics and haptics.

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Zong, TR., Xiang, Y., Elbadry, S. et al. Modified moment-based image watermarking method robust to cropping attack. Int. J. Autom. Comput. 13, 259–267 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-015-0926-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11633-015-0926-6

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