Abstract
In this work, gold nanobones with the length from 50 to 70 nm were synthesized by a seed-mediated method. The plasmonic optical properties and the roles of gold seed amount in regulating the negative curvatures of the end surfaces of the gold nanobones have also been studied. Compared with the gold nanorods, a new middle surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak appears in the absorption spectra due to the negative curvatures on the end surfaces of the gold nanobones. What is more, the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activities of gold nanobones are much stronger than that of gold nanorods. By controlling the amount of the gold seed, the wavelength of the middle SPR peak can be adjusted between 560 and 650 nm, and the corresponding negative curvature of the end surfaces could also be fine tuned. When the amount of gold seed reaches saturation, the end surfaces of nanobones have the strongest negative curvature, which results in the greatest SERS activity. This improved SERS has been attributed to the negative curvature-induced formation of the antenna dimers. The orientation of plasmon coupling between the antenna dimers is perpendicular to the nanobones. Thus, the hot spots at the ends of nanobones could always be created when the excitation beam polarization is either parallel or perpendicular to the nanobones. This negative curvature-dependent SERS enhancement lays the foundation for the extensive application of gold nanobones in SERS.
References
Chen T, Du CL, Tan LH, Shen ZX, Chen HY (2011) Site-selective localization of analytes on gold nanorod surface for investigating field enhancement distribution in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Nano 3:1575–1581
Ding MY, Chen DQ, Wan ZY, Zhou Y, Zhong JS, Xi JH, Ji ZG (2015a) Achieving efficient Tb3+ dual-mode luminescence via Gd-sublattice-mediated energy migration in a NaGdF4 core–shell nanoarchitecture. J Mater Chem C 3:5372–5376
Ding MY, Chen DQ, Yin SL, Ji ZG, Zhong JS, Ni YR, Lu CH, Xu ZZ (2015b) Simultaneous morphology manipulation and upconversion luminescence enhancement of β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ microcrystals by simply tuning the KF dosage. Sci Rep 5:12745
Ding MY, Ni YR, Song Y, Liu XX, Cui TL, Chen DQ, Ji ZG, Xu F, Lu CH, Xu ZZ (2015c) Li+ ions doping core–shell nanostructures: an approach to significantly enhance upconversion luminescence of lanthanide-doped nanocrystals. J Alloys Compd 623:42–48
Ding MY, Zhang HL, Chen DQ, Hu QW, Xi JH, Ji ZG (2016) Color-tunable luminescence, energy transfer and temperature sensing behavior of hexagonal NaYF4: Ce3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ microcrystals. J Alloys Compd 672:117–124
Gabudean AM, Focsan M, Astilean S (2012) Gold nanorods performing as dual-modal nanoprobes via metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). J Phys Chem C 116(22):12240–12249
Hu XG, Wang T, Wang L, Dong SJ (2007) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of 4-aminothiophenol self-assembled monolayers in sandwich structure with nanoparticle shape dependence: off-surface plasmon resonance condition. J Phys Chem C 111:6962–6969
Jiang T, Wang XL, Tang SW, Zhou J, Gu CJ, Tang J (2017) Seed-mediated synthesis and SERS performance of graphene oxide-wrapped Ag nanomushroom. Sci Rep 7:9795
Jiao ZB, Xia HB, Tao XT (2011) Modulation of localized surface plasmon resonance of nanostructured gold crystals by tuning their tip curvature with assistance of iodide and silver (I) ions. J Phys Chem C 115:7887–7895
Lee D, Yoon S (2015) Gold nanocube-nanosphere dimers: preparation, plasmon coupling, and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. J Phys Chem C 119:7873–7882
Lee D, Yoon S (2016) Effect of nanogap curvature on SERS: a finite-difference time-domain study. J Phys Chem C 120:20642–20650
Li JJ, An HQ, Zhu J, Zhao JW (2015) Improve the surface enhanced Raman scattering of gold nanorods decorated graphene oxide: the effect of CTAB on the electronic transition. Appl Surf Sci 347:856–860
Li R, Li H, Pan S, Liu K, Hu SS, Pan LJ, Guo YN, Wu SF, Li XF, Liu J (2013) Surface enhanced Raman scattering from rhodamine 6G on gold-coated self-organized silicon nanopyramidal array. J Mater Res 28:3401–3407
Lin KQ, Yi J, Hu S, Liu BJ, Liu JY, Wang X, Ren B (2016) Size effect on SERS of gold nanorods demonstrated via single nanoparticle spectroscopy. J Phys Chem C 120:20806–20813
Long KL, Luo XG, Nan HY, Du DY, Zhao WW, Ni ZH, Qiu T (2013) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from graphene covered gold nanocap arrays. J Appl Phys 114:183520
Jubb AM, Jiao Y, Eres G, Retterer ST, Gu B (2016) Elevated gold ellipse nanoantenna dimers as sensitive and tunable surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. Nano 8:5641–5648
Ma W, Sun MZ, Xu LG, Wang LB, Kuang H, Xu CL (2013) A SERS active gold nanostar dimer for mercury ion detection. Chem Commun 49:4989–4991
Mahmoud MA, El-Sayed MA (2013) Different plasmon sensing behavior of silver and gold nanorods. J Phys Chem Lett 4:1541–1545
Mohamed MB, Volkov V, Link S, El-Sayed MA (2000) The ‘lightning’ gold nanorods: fluorescence enhancement of over a million compared to the gold metal. Chem Phys Lett 317:517–523
Pilo-pais M, Watson A, Demers S, LaBean TH, Finkelstein G (2014) Surface-enhanced Raman scattering plasmonic enhancement using DNA origami-based complex metallic nanostructures. Nano Lett 14:2099–2104
Qiu YH, Nan F, Zhang YF, Wang JH, He GY, Zhou L, Wang QQ (2016) Size-dependent plasmon relaxation dynamics and saturable absorption in gold nanorods. J Phys D Appl Phys 49:185107
Rakshit S, Moulik SP, Bhattacharya SC (2017) Understanding the effect of size and shape of gold nanomaterials on nanometal surface energy transfer. J Colloid Interf Sci 491:349–357
Ros I, Placido T, Amendola V, Marinzi C, Manfredi N, Comparelli R, Striccoli M, Agostiano A, Abbotto A, Pedron D, Pilot R, Bozio R (2014) SERS properties of gold nanorods at resonance with molecular, transverse, and longitudinal plasmon excitations. Plasmonics 9:581–593
Siddiquee AM, Taylor AB, Syed S, Lim GH, Lim B, Chon JWM (2015) Measurement of plasmon-mediated two-photon luminescence action cross sections of single gold bipyramids, dumbbells, and hemispherically capped cylindrical nanorods. J Phys Chem C 119:28536–28543
Solé J, Bausa L, Jaque D (2005) An introduction to the optical spectroscopy of inorganic solids. Wiley, Estados Unidos
Thacker VV, Herrmann LO, Sigle DO, Zhang T, Liedl T, Baumberg JJ, Keyser UF (2014) DNA origami based assembly of gold nanoparticle dimers for surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Nat Commun 5:3448
Wang Y, Wang YQ, Wang WH, Sun KX, Chen LX (2016) Reporter-embedded SERS tags from gold nanorod seeds: selective immobilization of reporter molecules at the tip of nanorods. ACS Appl Mater Inter 8:28105–28115
Xu XD, Cortie MB (2006) Shape change and color gamut in gold nanorods, dumbbells, and dog bones. Adv Funct Mater 16:2170–2176
You YM, Purnawirman NA, Hu HL, Kasim J, Yang HP, Du CL, Yu T, Shen ZX (2010) Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using single-crystalline Ag nanowire as tip. J Raman Spectrosc 41:1156–1162
Zhang CH, Zhu J, Li JJ, Zhao JW (2015a) Misalign-dependent double plasmon modes “switch” of gold triangular nanoplate dimers. J Appl Phys 117:063102
Zhang F, Zhu J, Li JJ, Zhao JW (2015b) A promising direct visualization of an Au@Ag nanorod-based colorimetric sensor for trace detection of alpha-fetoprotein. J Mater Chem C 3:6035–6045
Zhang QF, Jing H, Li GG, Lin Y, Blom DA, Wang H (2016a) Intertwining roles of silver ions, surfactants, and reducing agents in gold nanorod overgrowth: pathway switch between silver underpotential deposition and gold-silver codeposition. Chem Mater 28:2728–2741
Zhang QF, Han LL, Jing H, Blom DA, Lin Y, Xin HLL, Wang H (2016b) Facet control of gold nanorods. ACS Nano 10:2960–2974
Zhong M, Hisatomi T, Kuang YB, Zhao J, Liu M, Iwase A, Jia QX, Nishiyama H, Minegishi T, Nakabayashi M (2015) Surface modification of CoOx loaded BiVO4 photoanodes with ultrathin p-type NiO layers for improved solar water. J Am Chem Soc 137:5053–5060
Zhong M, Hisatomi T, Sasaki Y, Suzuki S, Teshima K, Nakabayashi M, Shibata N, Nishiyama H, Katayama M, Yamada T (2017) Highly active GaN-stabilized Ta3N5 thin-film photoanode for solar water oxidation. Angew Chem Int Ed 56:4739–4743
Zhou YD, Tian Y, Zou SL (2015) Failure and reexamination of the Raman scattering enhancement factor predicted by the enhanced local electric field in a silver nanorod. J Phys Chem C 119:27683–27687
Zhu J, Gao J, Li JJ, Zhao JW (2014) Improve the surface-enhanced Raman scattering from rhodamine 6G adsorbed gold nanostars with vimineous branches. Appl Surf Sci 322:136–142
Funding
This study was funded by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China under grant nos. 2017JM8064 and 2017JM6023 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant no. 11774283.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Ch. et al. Synthesis of colloidal gold nanobones with tunable negative curvatures at end surface and their application in SERS. J Nanopart Res 19, 364 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-4058-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-017-4058-5