Abstract
In this paper, well-ordered Au nanoparticle arrays on silicon substrates were employed as efficient metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) substrates for investigating the fluorescence properties of the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). The ordered Au nanoparticle arrays were fabricated by block copolymer self-assembly technology, and the particle sizes were controlled by adjusting the molar ratios of HAuCl4 precursor to vinyl pyridine units. The approach is economical and suitable to fabricate large-area MEF substrates. The results about fluorescence properties of P3HT showed that the fluorescence intensities of the P3HT films were improved on ordered Au nanoparticle arrays compared to those on bare silicon substrate and were significantly enhanced with the Au nanoparticle sizes increasing. The mechanism is based on localized surface plasmon resonances, coupling and propagating surface plasmons, and the emission enhancement mainly resulted from the increase of the excitation rate. This work provides a new way to prepare efficient MEF substrates for high-performance fluorescence-based devices.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abel B, Coskun S, Mohammed M, Williams R, Unalan HE, Aslan K (2015) Metal-enhanced fluorescence from silver nanowires with high aspect ratio on glass slides for biosensing applications. J Phys Chem C Nanomater Interface 119:675–684. doi:10.1021/jp509040f
Ayala-Orozco C, Liu JG, Knight MW, Wang Y, Day JK, Nordlander P, Halas NJ (2014) Fluorescence enhancement of molecules inside a gold nanomatryoshka. Nano Lett 14:2926–2933. doi:10.1021/nl501027j
Chang J-J, Kwon J-H, Yoo SI, Park C, Sohn B-H (2009) Bimodal arrays of two types of nanoparticles by mixtures of diblock copolymer micelles. J Mater Chem 19:1621. doi:10.1039/b815210a
Chinen AB, Guan CM, Ferrer JR, Barnaby SN, Merkel TJ, Mirkin CA (2015) Nanoparticle probes for the detection of cancer biomarkers, cells, and tissues by fluorescence. Chem Rev. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00321
Cho WJ, Kim Y, Kim JK (2012) Ultrahigh-density array of silver nanoclusters for SERS substrate with high sensitivity and excellent reproducibility. ACS Nano 6:249–255. doi:10.1021/Nn2035236
Deng W, Goldys EM (2012) Plasmonic approach to enhanced fluorescence for applications in biotechnology and the life sciences. Langmuir 28:10152–10163. doi:10.1021/la300332x
Duarte A, Pu K-Y, Liu B, Bazan GC (2011) Recent advances in conjugated polyelectrolytes for emerging optoelectronic applications†. Chem Mater 23:501–515. doi:10.1021/cm102196t
Fayyaz S, Tabatabaei M, Hou R, Lagugné-Labarthet F (2012) Surface-enhanced fluorescence: mapping individual hot spots in silica-protected 2D gold nanotriangle arrays. J Phys Chem C 116:11665–11670. doi:10.1021/jp302191z
Guo PF, Wu S, Ren QJ, Lu J, Chen ZH, Xiao SJ, Zhu YY (2010) Fluorescence enhancement by surface plasmon polaritons on metallic nanohole arrays. J Phys Chem Lett 1:315–318. doi:10.1021/jz900119p
Hong W, Zhang Y, Gan L, Chen X, Zhang M (2015) Control of plasmonic fluorescence enhancement on self-assembled 2-D colloidal crystals. J Mater Chem C 3:6185–6191. doi:10.1039/c5tc00464k
Kannadorai RK, Hegde G, Asundi A (2012) Fluorescence enhancement using silver nanotriangle arrays. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 12:3873–3878. doi:10.1166/jnn.2012.6143
Khatua S, Paulo PM, Yuan H, Gupta A, Zijlstra P, Orrit M (2014) Resonant plasmonic enhancement of single-molecule fluorescence by individual gold nanorods. ACS Nano 8:4440–4449. doi:10.1021/nn406434y
Kravets VG, Zoriniants G, Burrows CP, Schedin F, Geim AK, Barnes WL, Grigorenko AN (2010) Composite au nanostructures for fluorescence studies in visible light. Nano Lett 10:874–879. doi:10.1021/nl903498h
Leong K, Zin MT, Ma H, Sarikaya M, Huang F, Jen AK (2010) Surface plasmon enhanced fluorescence of cationic conjugated polymer on periodic nanoarrays. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2:3153–3159. doi:10.1021/am100635v
Li JZ et al (2010) Phase-selective staining of metal salt for scanning electron microscopy imaging of block copolymer film. Ultramicroscopy 110:1338–1342. doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.06.006
Mahmoud MA, Poncheri AJ, El-Sayed MA (2012) Properties of π-conjugated fluorescence polymer-plasmonic nanoparticles hybrid materials. J Phys Chem C 116:13336–13342. doi:10.1021/jp303908e
Ming T, Chen H, Jiang R, Li Q, Wang J (2012) Plasmon-controlled fluorescence: beyond the intensity enhancement. J Phys Chem Lett 3:191–202. doi:10.1021/jz201392k
Muskens OL, Giannini V, Sanchez-Gil JA, Gomez Rivas J (2007) Strong enhancement of the radiative decay rate of emitters by single plasmonic nanoantennas. Nano Lett 7:2871–2875. doi:10.1021/nl0715847
Park DH, Kim MS, Joo J (2010) Hybrid nanostructures using pi-conjugated polymers and nanoscale metals: synthesis, characteristics, and optoelectronic applications. Chem Soc Rev 39:2439–2452. doi:10.1039/b907993a
Qiu T, Jiang J, Zhang W, Lang X, Yu X, Chu PK (2010) High-sensitivity and stable cellular fluorescence imaging by patterned silver nanocap arrays. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2:2465–2470. doi:10.1021/am100534h
Shan LC et al (2014) Homopolymers as nanocarriers for the loading of block copolymer micelles with metal salts: a facile way to large-scale ordered arrays of transition-metal nanoparticles. J Mater Chem C 2:701–707. doi:10.1039/C3tc31333f
Shang L, Chen HJ, Dong SJ (2007) Electrochemical preparation of silver nanostructure on the planar surface for application in metal-enhanced fluorescence. J Phys Chem C 111:10780–10784. doi:10.1021/jp068713c
Singh MP, Strouse GF (2010) Involvement of the LSPR spectral overlap for energy transfer between a dye and Au nanoparticle. J Am Chem Soc 132:9383–9391. doi:10.1021/ja1022128
Smolarek K, Ebenhoch B, Czechowski N, Prymaczek A, Twardowska M, Samuel IDW, Mackowski S (2013) Silver nanowires enhance absorption of poly(3-hexylthiophene). Appl Phys Lett. doi:10.1063/1.4829623
Tanabe K (2008) Field enhancement around metal nanoparticles and nanoshells: a systematic investigation. J Phys Chem C 112:15721–15728. doi:10.1021/jp8060009
Wang X et al (2013) Propagating and localized surface plasmons in hierarchical metallic structures for surface-enhanced raman scattering. Small 9:1895–1899. doi:10.1002/smll.201202424
Zhang Y, Geddes CD (2010) Metal-enhanced fluorescence from thermally stable rhodium nanodeposits. J Mater Chem 20:8600. doi:10.1039/c0jm01806f
Zhang YX, Padhyay A, Sevilleja JE, Guerrant RL, Geddes CD (2010) Interactions of fluorophores with iron nanoparticles: metal-enhanced fluorescence. J Phys Chem C 114:7575–7581. doi:10.1021/Jp910080b
Zhang C, Yan Y, Zhao YS, Yao J (2014) From molecular design and materials construction to organic nanophotonic devices. Acc Chem Res 47:3448–3458. doi:10.1021/ar500192v
Zhou Y, Zhang JF, Yoon J (2014) Fluorescence and colorimetric chemosensors for fluoride-ion detection. Chem Rev 114:5511–5571. doi:10.1021/cr400352m
Zu X, Hu X, Lyon LA, Deng Y (2010) In situ fabrication of ordered nanoring arrays via the reconstruction of patterned block copolymer thin films. Chem Commun (Camb) 46:7927–7929. doi:10.1039/c0cc02512g
Zu X, Tu W, Deng Y (2011) General approach for fabricating nanoparticle arrays via patterned block copolymer nanoreactors. J Nanopart Res 13:1–13. doi:10.1007/s11051-010-0059-3
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51273048 and 51203025), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. S2012040007725).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhong, B., Zu, X., Yi, G. et al. Fluorescence enhancement of the conjugated polymer films based on well-ordered Au nanoparticle arrays. J Nanopart Res 18, 281 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3588-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-016-3588-6