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Ethnic and Gender Differences in Preferred Activities among Māori and non-Māori of Advanced age in New Zealand

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Abstract

This study explored active aging for older Māori and non-Māori by examining their self-nominated important everyday activities. The project formed part of the first wave of a longitudinal cohort study of aging well in New Zealand. Māori aged 80 to 90 and non-Māori aged 85 were recruited. Of the 937 participants enrolled, 649 answered an open question about their three most important activities. Responses were coded under the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), Activities and Participation domains. Data were analyzed by ethnicity and gender for first in importance, and all important activities. Activity preferences for Māori featured gardening, reading, walking, cleaning the home, organized religious activities, sports, extended family relationships, and watching television. Gendered differences were evident with walking and fitness being of primary importance for Māori men, and gardening for Māori women. Somewhat similar, activity preferences for non-Māori featured gardening, reading, and sports. Again, gendered differences showed for non-Māori, with sports being of first importance to men, and reading to women. Factor analysis was used to examine the latent structural fit with the ICF and whether it differed for Māori and non-Māori. For Māori, leisure and household activities, spiritual activities and interpersonal interactions, and communicating with others and doing domestic activities were revealed as underlying structure; compared to self-care, sleep and singing, leisure and work, and domestic activities and learning for non-Māori. These findings reveal fundamental ethnic divergences in preferences for active aging with implications for enabling participation, support provision and community design.

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Notes

  1. “A Māori, or a descendant of a Māori, may register as an elector of either a Māori electoral district or a general electoral district.” New Zealand Parliament (2010).

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Acknowledgements

LiLACS NZ has been funded by the Health Research Council of New Zealand (HRC) and Ngā Pae o te Māramatanga, New Zealand’s Māori Centre of Research Excellence. We acknowledge all participants for their commitment to this study and all community organisations that facilitated the study.

The Active Ageing Research Group, Auckland University of Technology, funded the research assistant.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    Valerie A. Wright-St Clair

  2. School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Angela Rapson, Mere Kepa, Ruth Teh, Lorna Dyall, Janine Wiles, Avinesh Pillai & Ngaire Kerse

  3. Freemasons’ Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Martin Connolly & Joanna B. Broad

  4. Department of Medicine, The Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Sally Keeling

  5. Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, General Practice & Primary Care, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Anna Rolleston

  6. Centre for Social Impact-Swinburne, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Santosh Jatrana

  7. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

    Nick Garrett

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  1. Valerie A. Wright-St Clair
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  2. Angela Rapson
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  3. Mere Kepa
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  7. Ruth Teh
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  9. Lorna Dyall
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  10. Santosh Jatrana
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  11. Janine Wiles
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  12. Avinesh Pillai
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  13. Nick Garrett
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  14. Ngaire Kerse
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Correspondence to Valerie A. Wright-St Clair.

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Wright-St Clair, V.A., Rapson, A., Kepa, M. et al. Ethnic and Gender Differences in Preferred Activities among Māori and non-Māori of Advanced age in New Zealand. J Cross Cult Gerontol 32, 433–446 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-017-9324-6

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