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Assessment and monitoring of nutrient loading in the sediments of tidal creeks receiving shrimp farm effluent in Quang Ninh, Vietnam

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Abstract

Coastal shrimp farming may lead to the contamination of sediments of surrounding estuarine and marine ecosystems as shrimp farm effluent often contains high levels of pollutants including a range of organic compounds (from uneaten feed, shrimp feces, and living and dead organisms) which can accumulate in the sediments of receiving waterways. The assessment and monitoring of sediment quality in tidal creeks receiving shrimp farm effluent can support environmental protection and decision making for sustainable development in coastal areas since sediment quality often shows essential information on long-term aquatic ecosystem health. Within this context, this paper investigates nutrient loadings in the sediments of tidal creeks receiving shrimp farm effluent in Quang Ninh, Vietnam, which now have a high concentration of intensive and semi-intensive shrimp farms. Sediment samples taken from inside creek sections directly receiving effluent from concentrated shrimp farms (IEC), from main creeks adjacent to points of effluent discharge outside concentrated shrimp farms (OEC), and few kilometers away from shrimp farms (ASF) as reference sites were collected and analyzed before and after shrimp crops to investigate spatial and temporal variation. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in the concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon among IEC, OEC, and ASF sites while the seasonal variation being limited over study times. A sediment nutrient index (SNI) computed from coefficient scores of the factor analysis efficiently summarizes sediment nutrient loads, which are high, albeit quite variable, in canals directly receiving effluents from farms but then decline sharply with distance from shrimp farms. The visualization and monitoring of sediment quality data including SNI on maps can strongly support managers to manage eutrophication at concentrated shrimp farming areas, contributing to sustainable development and management at coastal zones.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Endeavour Awards Program, DEEWR, Australia for an Endeavour Postgraduate Award for the first author. This research was made possible thanks to Charles Darwin University for fieldtrip financial support. Special thanks to the Center for Environment and Disease Monitoring in Aquaculture (CEDMA) at Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1 (RIA.1) and the Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry at Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam, for their assistance in sample analysis. Thanks are given to our colleagues in Vietnam for their assistance during fieldwork.

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  1. Center for Environment and Disease Monitoring in Aquaculture, Research Institute for Aquaculture No.1, Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Vietnam

    Thuyet D. Bui

  2. Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT0909, Australia

    Thuyet D. Bui & Stefan W. Maier

  3. School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT0909, Australia

    Jim Luong-Van

  4. School of Science, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 46150, Selangor, Malaysia

    Chris M. Austin

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Bui, T.D., Luong-Van, J., Maier, S.W. et al. Assessment and monitoring of nutrient loading in the sediments of tidal creeks receiving shrimp farm effluent in Quang Ninh, Vietnam. Environ Monit Assess 185, 8715–8731 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3207-2

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