Abstract
Automated composition of Web services is becoming a prominent paradigm for implementing and delivering distributed applications. A composed service can be described either by orchestration or choreography. Service orchestration has a centralized controller which coordinates the services in a composite service. Differently, service choreography assumes that all of the participating services collaborate with each other to achieve a globally shared task. Choreography has received great attention and demonstrated a few key advantages over orchestration such as data efficiency, distributed control, and scalability. Although there is extensive research on the languages and protocols of choreography, automated design of choreography plans, especially distributed plans for multiple roles, is more complex and not studied before. In this paper, we propose a novel planning-based approach, including compilation of contingencies, stateful actions, dependency analysis and communication control, which can automatically convert a given composition task to a distributed choreography specification. The experimental results conducted on large scale service repositories show the effectiveness and efficiency of our approach for automated choreography of Web services.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
PDDL is an action-centered description language that is inspired by STRIPS formulations of AI planning problems and widely used for describing classical planning tasks.
ICEBE05 provides a set of test data for both service composition and service discovery challenges.
References
Agarwal V, Chafle G, Dasgupta K et al (2005) Synthy: a system for end to end composition of Web services. J Web Semant 3(4):311–339
Barker A, Walton CD, Robertson D (2009) Choreographing Web services. IEEE Trans Serv Comput 2(2):152–166
Bertoli P, Kazhamiakin R, Paolucci M et al (2009) Continuous orchestration of Web services via planning. In: Proceedings of the international conference on automated planning and scheduling (ICAPS)
Bertoli P, Pistore M, Traverso P (2010) Automated composition of Web services via planning in asynchronous domains. Artif Intell 174(3):316–361
Busi N, Gorrieri R, Guidi C et al (2006) Choreography and orchestration conformance for system design. In: Proceedings of the international conference on coordination models and languages (COORDINATION)
Chen L, Wassermann B, Emmerich W et al (2006) Web service orchestration with BPEL. In: Proceedings of the international conference on software engineering (ICSE)
Daniel F, Pernici B (2006) Insights into Web service orchestration and choreography. Int J E-Bus Res 2(1):58–77
Falou ME, Bouzid M, Mouaddib AI et al (2010) A distributed planning approach for Web services composition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on Web services (ICWS)
Gao J, Lv H (2012) Institution-governed cross-domain agent service cooperation: a model for trusted and autonomic service cooperation. Appl Intell 37(2):223–238
Giacomo GD, Masellis RD, Patrizi F (2009) Composition of partially observable services exporting their behaviour. In: Proceedings of the international conference on automated planning and scheduling (ICAPS)
Gutierrez-Garcia JO, Sim KM (2013) Agent-based cloud service composition. Appl Intell 38(3):1–29
Hoffmann J, Bertoli P, Helmert M et al (2009) Message-based Web service composition, integrity constraints, and planning under uncertainty: a new connection. J Artif Intell Res 35(1):49–117
Hoffmann J, Bertoli P, Pistore M (2007) Web service composition as planning, revisited: in between background theories and initial state uncertainty. In: Proceedings of the national conference on artificial intelligence (AAAI)
Hoffmann J, Brafman RI (2006) Conformant planning via heuristic forward search: a new approach. Artif Intell 170(6–7):507–541
Hoffmann J, Nebel B (2001) The FF planning system: fast plan generation through heuristic search. J Artif Intell Res 14(1):253–302
Hwang SY, Lim EP, Lee CH et al (2008) Dynamic Web service selection for reliable Web service composition. IEEE Trans Serv Comput 1(2):104–116
Kang Z, Wang H, Hung P (2007) WS-CDL+: an extended WS-CDL execution engine for Web service collaboration. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on Web services (ICWS)
Kautz H, Selman B (1999) Unifying SAT-based and graph-based planning. In: Proceedings of the international joint conference on artificial intelligence (IJCAI)
Kautz H, Selman B, Hoffmann J (2006) SatPlan: planning as satisfiability. In: Abstracts of the international planning competition (IPC)
Klusch M, Gerber A, Schmidt M (2005) Semantic Web service composition planning with OWLS-XPlan. In: Proceedings of the AAAI fall symposium on semantic Web and agents
Kuzu M, Cicekli NK (2012) Dynamic planning approach to automated Web service composition. Appl Intell 36(1):1–28
Meng S, Arbab F (2007) Web services choreography and orchestration in Reo and constraint automata. In: Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on applied computing (SAC)
Oh SC, Lee D, Kumara SRT (2007) Web service planner (WSPR): an effective and scalable Web service composition algorithm. Int J Web Serv Res 4(1):1–22
Oh SC, Lee D, Kumara SRT (2008) Effective Web service composition in diverse and large-scale service networks. IEEE Trans Serv Comput 1(1):15–32
Peltz C (2003) Web services orchestration and choreography. Computer 36(10):46–52
Pistore M, Marconi A, Bertoli P et al (2005) Automated composition of Web services by planning at the knowledge level. In: Proceedings of the international joint conference on artificial intelligence (IJCAI)
Pistore M, Traverso P, Bertoli P (2005) Automated composition of Web services by planning in asynchronous domains. In: Proceedings of the international conference on automated planning and scheduling (ICAPS)
Qiu Z, Zhao X, Cai C, Yang H (2007) Towards the theoretical foundation of choreography. In: Proceedings of the international World Wide Web conference (WWW)
Sirin E, Parsia B, Wu D et al (2004) HTN planning for Web service composition using SHOP2. J Web Semant 1(4):377–396
Yang H, Zhao X, Cai C, Qiu Z (2008) Model-checking of Web services choreography. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international symposium on service-oriented system engineering
Yazidi A, Granmo OC, Oommen BJ (2012) Service selection in stochastic environments: a learning-automaton based solution. Appl Intell 36(3):617–637
Zheng XR, Yan YH (2008) An efficient syntactic Web service composition algorithm based on the planning graph model. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on Web services (ICWS)
Zou G, Chen Y, Xu Y et al (2012) Towards automated choreographing of Web services using planning. In: Proceedings of the national conference on artificial intelligence (AAAI)
Acknowledgements
We thank Jörg Hoffmann, Henry Kautz and Bart Selman for providing open sources of AI planners FF and SatPlan06. We appreciate all of the three anonymous reviewers for insightful comments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61303096, 61300100), Shanghai Natural Science Foundation (13ZR1454600,13ZR1451000), an Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (14YZ017), a Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20133108120029), and a National Science Foundation (IIS-0713109).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zou, G., Gan, Y., Chen, Y. et al. Towards automated choreography of Web services using planning in large scale service repositories. Appl Intell 41, 383–404 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-014-0522-4
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-014-0522-4