Skip to main content
Log in

Using formative assessment to influence self- and co-regulated learning: the role of evaluative judgement

  • Published:
European Journal of Psychology of Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recently, the concept of evaluative judgement has gained attention as a pedagogical approach to classroom formative assessment practices. Evaluative judgement is the capacity to be able to judge the work of oneself and that of others, which implies developing knowledge about one’s own assessment capability. A focus on evaluative judgement helps us to better understand what is the influence of assessment practices in the regulation of learning. In this paper, we link evaluative judgement to two self-regulated learning models (Zimmerman and Winne) and present a model on the effects on co-regulation of learning. The models help us to understand how students can be self-regulated through developing their evaluative judgement. The co-regulation model visualises how the learner can become more strategic in this process through teacher and peer assessment in which assessment knowledge and regulation strategies are shared with the learner. The connections we make here are crucial to strengthening our understanding of the influence of assessment practices on students’ learning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Absolum, M., Flockton, L., Hattie, J., Hipkins, R., & Reid, I. (2009). Directions for assessment in New Zealand: developing students’ assessment capabilities. Unpublished paper prepared for the Ministry of Education.

  • Allal, L. (2016). The co-regulation of student learning in an assessment for learning culture. In L. Allal & D. Laveault (Eds.), Assessment for learning: meeting the challenge of implementation (pp. 259–273). Berlin: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Andrade, H. (2010). Students as the definitive source of formative assessment: academic self-assessment and the self-regulation of learning. In H. J. Andrade & G. J. Cizek (Eds.), Handbook of formative assessment (pp. 90–105). New York: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Andrade, H. (2018). Feedback and self-assessment. In A. A. Lipnevich & J. K. Smith (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of instructional feedback. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrade, H., & Valtcheva, A. (2009). Promoting learning and achievement through self-assessment. Theory Into Practice, 48(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405840802577544.

  • Andrade, H., & Brookhart, S. M. (2016). The role of classroom assessment in supporting self-regulated learning. In L. Allal & D. Laveault (Eds.), Assessment for learning: meeting the challenge of implementation (pp. 293–309). Berlin: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Andrade, H. L., & Brown, G. T. L. (2016). Student self-assessment in the classroom. Handbook of Human and Social Conditions in Assessment, 319–334.

  • Black, P., & Wiliam, D. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy and Practice, 5(1), 7–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969595980050102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Booth, B., Dixon, H., & Hill, M. F. (2016). Assessment capability for New Zealand teachers and students: challenging but possible. doi:https://doi.org/10.18296/set.0043

  • Boud, D. (1995). Enhancing learning through self-assessment. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boud, D., & Falchikov, N. (1989). Quantitative studies of student self-assessment in higher-education: a critical analysis of findings. Higher Education, 18(5), 529–549. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boud, D., & Molloy, E. (2013). Rethinking models of feedback for learning: the challenge of design. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 38(6), 698–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2012.691462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boud, D., Lawson, R., & Thompson, D. (2015). The calibration of student judgement through self-assessment: disruptive effects of assessment patterns. Higher Education Research and Development, 34(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2014.934328.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boud, D., Dawson, P., Tai, J., & Ajjawi, R. (2018). Creating an agenda for developing students' evaluative judgement. In D. Boud, R. Ajjawi, P. Dawson, & J. Tai (Eds.), Developing Evaluative Judgement: Assessment for Knowing and Producing Quality Work (pp. 186–195). Abingdon: Routledge.

  • Broadbent, J., & Poon, W. L. (2015). Self-regulated learning strategies & academic achievement in online higher education learning environments: a systematic review. The Internet and Higher Education, 27, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.04.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brookhart, S. M. (2016). Section discussion: building assessments that work in classrooms. In G. T. L. Brown & L. R. Harris (Eds.), Handbook of human and social conditions in assessment (pp. 351–365). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G. T. L., & Harris, L. R. (2013). Student self-assessment. In J. McMillan (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of research on classroom assessment (pp. 367–393). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, D. L., & Winne, P. H. (1995). Feedback and self-regulated learning: a theoretical synthesis. Review of Educational Research, 65(3), 245–281. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543065003245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, P., Henderson, M. D., Mahoney, P., Phillips, M., Ryan, T., Boud, D., & Molloy, E. (2018). What makes for effective feedback: Staff and student perspectives. Assessment & Evaluation In Higher Education, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1467877

  • Dignath, C., & Büttner, G. (2008). Components of fostering self-regulated learning among students. A meta-analysis on intervention studies at primary and secondary school level. Metacognition and Learning, 3(3), 231–264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-008-9029-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greene, J. A. (2018). Self-regulation in education. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81–112. https://doi.org/10.3102/003465430298487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de la Harpe, B., & Radloff, A. (2000). Informed teachers and learners: the importance of assessing the characteristics needed for lifelong learning. Studies in Continuing Education, 22(2), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/01580379950177323.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lodge, J. M., Kennedy, G., & Hattie, J. (2018). Understanding, assessing and enhancing student evaluative judgement in digital environments. In D. Boud, R. Ajjawi, P. Dawson, & J. Tai (Eds.), Developing evaluative judgement in higher education: assessment for knowing and producing quality work. Abingdon. UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCaslin, M., & Hickey, D. T. (2001). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: a Vygotskian view. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement (pp. 227–252). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicol, D., & McFarlane-Dick, D. (2006). Formative assessment and self-regulated learning: a model and seven principles of good feedback practice. Studies in Higher Education, 31(2), 199–218. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075070600572090.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panadero, E. (2017). A review of self-regulated learning: six models and four directions for research. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(422). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00422.

  • Panadero, E., & Alonso-Tapia, J. (2013). Self-assessment: theoretical and practical connotations. When it happens, how is it acquired and what to do to develop it in our students. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 11(2), 551–576. https://doi.org/10.14204/ejrep.30.12200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panadero, E., & Broadbent, J. (2018). Developing evaluative judgement: A self-regulated learning perspective. In D. Boud, R. Ajjawi, P. Dawson, & J. Tai (Eds.), Developing Evaluative Judgement: Assessment for Knowing and Producing Quality Work (pp. 81–89). Abingdon: Routledge.

  • Panadero, E., Jonsson, A., & Strijbos, J. W. (2016). Scaffolding self-regulated learning through self-assessment and peer assessment: Guidelines for classroom implementation. In D. Laveault & L. Allal (Eds.), Assessment for learning: Meeting the challenge of implementation (pp. 311–326). New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Panadero, E., Jonsson, A., & Botella, J. (2017). Effects of self-assessment on self-regulated learning and self-efficacy: four meta-analyses. Educational Research Review, 22, 74–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2017.08.004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panadero, E., Andrade, H., & Brookhart, S. M. (2018). Fusing self-regulated learning and formative assessment: A roadmap of where we are, how we got here, and where we are going. The Australian Educational Researcher, 45(1), 13–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-018-0258-y.

  • Paris, S. G., & Paris, A. H. (2001). Classroom applications of research on self-regulated learning. Educational Psychologist, 36(2), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326985EP3602_4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Perrenoud, P. (1998). From formative evaluation to a controlled regulation of learning processes. Towards a wider conceptual field. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 5(1), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969595980050105.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reinholz, D. L. (2016). The assessment cycle: a model for learning through peer assessment. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(2), 301–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2015.1008982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, M., Abraham, C., & Bond, R. (2012). Psychological correlates of university students’ academic performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 138(2), 353–387. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026838.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ross, J. A. (2006). The reliability, validity, and utility of self-assessment. Practical Assessment Research & Evaluation, 11. http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=11&n=10

  • Sadler, D. R. (1989). Formative assessment and the design of instructional systems. Instructional Science, 18(2), 119–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00117714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shute, V. J. (2008). Focus on formative feedback. Review of Educational Research, 78(1), 153–189. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654307313795.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sitzmann, T., & Ely, K. (2011). A meta-analysis of self-regulated learning in work-related training and educational attainment: what we know and where we need to go. Psychological Bulletin, 137(3), 421–442. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022777.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sluijsmans, D. (2002). Student involvement in assessment: the training of peer assessment skills. Heerlen: Open Universiteit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tai, J., Ajjawi, R., Boud, D., Dawson, P., & Panadero, E. (2017). Developing evaluative judgement: Enabling students to make decisions about the quality of work. Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-017-0220-3.

  • Topping, K. J. (2003). Self and peer assessment in school and university: Reliability, validity and utility. In M. Segers, F. Dochy, & E. Cascallar (Eds.), Optimising new modes of assessment: In search of qualities and standards (Vol. 1, pp. 55–87). Netherlands: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Topping, K. J. (2009). Peer assessment. Theory Into Practice, 48(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405840802577569.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vo, A. T., Schreiber, J. S., & Martin, A. J. (2018). Toward a conceptual understanding of evaluative thinking. New Directions for Evaluation, 2018(158), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.20324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiliam, D. (2011). What is assessment for learning? Studies In Educational Evaluation, 37(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2011.03.001.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winne, P. H. (1996). A metacognitive view of individual differences in self-regulated learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 8(4), 327–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1041-6080(96)90022-9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winne, P. H. (2011). A cognitive and metacognitive analysis of self-regulated learning. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 15–32). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winne, P. H., & Hadwin, A. F. (1998). Studying as self-regulated engagement in learning. In D. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, & A. Graesser (Eds.), Metacognition in educational theory and practice (pp. 277–304). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Winne, P. H., & Hadwin, A. F. (2008). The weave of motivation and self-regulated learning. In D. H. Schunk & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Motivation and self-regulated learning. Theory, research and applications (pp. 297–314). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: a social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13–40). San Diego, California: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • van Zundert, M. (2012). Conditions of peer assessment for complex learning. Maastricht: Maastricht University.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The first author was funded by the Spanish Ministry (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad) via Ramón y Cajal programme (File id. RYC-2013-13469) and Excelencia programme (File id. EDU2016-79714-P).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ernesto Panadero.

Additional information

Ernesto Panadero. Departamento de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Centre for Research in Assessment and Digital Learning, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia. E-mail: ernesto.panadero@uam.es

Current themes of research:

Themes: My research focuses in several areas. First, the understanding and promotion of self-regulated learning. Second, formative assessment practices exploring their effects on learning. Third, the relationship between self-regulated learning and the use of formative assessment (self-assessment, peer assessment and formative uses of feedback). And finally, my research on educational assessment also explores the psychological correlates of self and peer assessment (e.g. interpersonal and social variables).

Most relevant publications in the field of Psychology of Education:

Panadero, E., Andrade, H., & Brookhart, S. M. (2018). Fusing self-regulated learning and formative assessment: A roadmap of where we are, how we got here, and where we are going. The Australian Educational Researcher, 45(1), 13-31. doi:10.1007/s13384-018-0258-y

Panadero, E., Jonsson, A., & Botella, J. (2017). Effects of self-assessment on self-regulated learning and self-efficacy: Four meta-analyses. Educational Research Review, 22, 74-98. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2017.08.004

Panadero, E., & Brown, G. T. L. (2017). Teachers’ reasons for using peer assessment: Positive experience predicts use. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 32(1), 133-156. doi:10.1007/s10212-015-0282-5

Jaclyn Broadbent. Centre for Research in Assessment and Digital Learning, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.

Current themes of research:

My theme is: the role of self-regulation in the learning process.

Most relevant publications in the field of Psychology of Education:

Broadbent, J., & Poon, W. L. (2015). Self-regulated learning strategies & academic achievement in online higher education learning environments: A systematic review. The Internet and Higher Education, 27, 1-13.

Honicke, T., & Broadbent, J. (2016). The influence of academic self-efficacy on academic performance: A systematic review. Educational Research Review, 17, 63-84.

Broadbent, J. (2017). Comparing online and blended learner's self-regulated learning strategies and academic performance. The Internet and Higher Education, 33, 24-32.

David Boud. Centre for Research in Assessment and Digital Learning, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Technology Sydney; Work and Learning Research Centre, Middlesex University, London.

Current themes of research:

Themes include assessment for learning, including feedback, learning in workplaces and professional doctorates.

Most relevant publications in the field of Psychology of Education:

Boud, D., Dawson, P., Bearman, M., Bennett, S., Joughin, G. and Molloy, E. (2018). Reframing assessment research: through a practice perspective, Studies in Higher Education, 43, 7, 1107-1118. DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2016.1202913

Tai, J., Ajjawi, R., Boud, D., Dawson, P. and Panadero, E. (2018). Developing evaluative judgement: enabling students to make decisions about the quality of work, Higher Education, DOI: 10.1007/s10734-017-0220-3

Ajjawi, R. and Boud, D. (accepted for publication 26 Jan 2018). Examining the nature and effects of feedback dialogue, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education. DOI: 10.1080/02602938.2018.1434128

Dawson, P., Henderson, M., Mahoney, P., Phillips, M., Ryan, T., Boud, D. and Molloy, E. (published online 30 April 2018). What makes for effective feedback: staff and student perspectives, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1467877

Carless, D. and Boud, D. (published online 3 May 2018). The development of student feedback literacy: enabling uptake of feedback, Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1463354

Jason Lodge. School of Education, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia

Current themes of research:

Themes: self-regulated learning, conceptual change, metacognition, assessment, educational technology.

Most relevant publications in the field of Psychology of Education:

Lodge, J. M., Kennedy, G. E., Lockyer, L., Arguel, A. & Pachman, M. (2018). Managing difficulties and resulting confusion in learning: An integrative review. Frontiers in Education, 3 (49). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00049

Lodge, J. M., Alhadad, S. S. J., Lewis, M. J. & Gašević, D. (2017). Inferring learning from big data: The importance of a transdisciplinary and multidimensional approach. Technology, Knowledge & Learning, 22(3), 385-400.

Lodge, J. M., Hansen, L., & Cottrell, D. (2016). Modality preference and learning style theories: Rethinking the role of sensory modality in learning. Learning: Research and Practice, 2 (1), 4-17.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Panadero, E., Broadbent, J., Boud, D. et al. Using formative assessment to influence self- and co-regulated learning: the role of evaluative judgement. Eur J Psychol Educ 34, 535–557 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0407-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-018-0407-8

Keywords

Navigation