Abbreviations
- UCS:
-
Uniaxial compressive strength
- E :
-
Young’s modulus
- PLI:
-
Point-load index
- TS:
-
Tensile strength
- ω :
-
Water content
- M ps :
-
Mass of rock sample under partially saturated condition
- M d :
-
Mass of dry rock sample
- r :
-
Radius of the sample
- H :
-
Hydraulic diffusivity
- k :
-
Permeability
- B :
-
Skempton’s coefficient
- K :
-
Bulk modulus
- η :
-
Fluid viscosity
- α :
-
Biot’s coefficient
- P :
-
Maximum applied load measured during the point loading
- D :
-
Distance between two pointers (conical platens) in diametral point-load test which is also the core sample diameter
- L :
-
Length of the core sample
- F :
-
Peak load measured during the Brazilian or indirect tensile test
- T :
-
Thickness of the sample measured at the center
- σ n :
-
Nominal strength such as UCS, E, PLI, TS
- a, b and c :
-
Material constants in Hawkins and McConnell (1992) model
References
ASTM (2010) Standard test method for measurement of hydraulic conductivity of saturated porous materials using a flexible wall permeameter. ASTM D5084. West Conshohocken, PA, United States: American Society for Testing and Materials International
Baud P, Zhu W, Wong TF (2000) Failure mode and weakening effect of water on sandstone. J Geophy R 105:16371–16389
Bieniawski ZT, Bernede MJ (1979) Suggested methods for determining the uniaxial compressive strength and deformability of rock materials: part 1. Suggested method for determining deformability of rock materials in uniaxial compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 16:135–140
Bieniawski ZT, Hawkes I (1978) Suggested methods for determining tensile strength of rock materials. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 15:99–103
Chenevert ME (1970) Shale alteration by water adsorption. J Petr Tech 22:1141–1147
Duda M, Renner J (2013) The weakening effect of water on the brittle failure strength of sandstone. Geophy J Int 92:1091–1108
Erguler Z, Ulusay R (2009) Water-induced variations in mechanical properties of clay-bearing rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 46:355–370
Fairhurst CE, Hudson JA (1999) Draft ISRM suggested method for the complete stress–strain curve for intact rock in uniaxial compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 36:279–289
Fischer GJ, Paterson MS (1992) Measurement of permeability and storage capacity in rocks during deformation at high temperature and pressure. In: Evans B, Wong TF (eds) Fault mechanics and transport properties of rocks. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 213–252
Franklin JA (1985) Suggested method for determining point load strength. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 22:51–60
Franklin JA, Vogler UW, Szlavin J, Edmund JM, Bieniawski ZT (1979) Suggested methods for determining water content, porosity, absorption and related properties. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 16:151–156
Hadizdeh J, Law R (1991) Water-weakening of sandstone and quartzite deformed at various stress and strain rates. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 28:431–439
Hawkins AB, McConnell BJ (1992) Sensitivity of sandstone strength and deformability to changes in moisture content. Q J Eng Geol 25:115–130
ISRM (2007) The complete suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974–2006 ISRM. In: Ulusay R, Hudson JA (eds) Suggested methods prepared by the commission on testing methods. ISRM Turkish National Group, Kozan ofset, Ankara
Kumpel HJ (1991) Poroelasticity: parameters reviewed. Geophys J Int 105:783–799
Lashkaripour GR, Passaris EKS (1995) Correlations between index parameters and mechanical properties of shales. In: 8th ISRM Congress, Tokyo, Japan, 25–29 September. International Society for Rock Mechanic, pp 257–261
Li Z, Reddish DJ (2004) The effect of groundwater recharge on broken rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 41:280–285
Lia D, Wonga LNY, Liua G, Zhanga X (2012) Influence of water content and anisotropy on the strength and deformability of low porosity meta-sedimentary rocks under triaxial compression. Eng Geol 126:46–66
Lisabeth HP, Zhu W (2015) Effect of temperature and pore fluid on the strength of porous limestone. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 120:6191–6208
Masoumi H, Douglas K, Russell AR (2016a) A bounding surface plasticity model for intact rock exhibiting size-dependent behaviour. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49:47–62
Masoumi H, Saydam S, Hagan PC (2016b) Unified size-effect law for intact rock. Int J Geomech 16:04015059
Nicolas A, Fortin J, Regnet JB, Dimanov A, Guéguen Y (2016) Brittle and semi-brittle behaviours of a carbonate rock: influence of water and temperature. Geophys J Int 206:438–456
Ojo O, Brook N (1990) The effect of moisture on some mechanical properties of rock. Min Sci Tech 10:145–156
Ord A, Vardoulakis I, Kajewski R (1991) Shear band formation in gosford sandstone. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 28:397–409
Roshan H, Andersen MS, Acworth IR (2015) Effect of solid–fluid thermal expansion on thermo-osmotic tests: an experimental and analytical study. J Petrol Sci Eng 126:222–230
Roshan H et al (2016) Total porosity of tight rocks: a welcome to heat transfer technique. Energy Fuels 30:10072–10079
Rutter EH (1974) The influence of temperature, strain rate and interstitial water in the experimental deformation of calcite rocks. Tectonophysics 22:311–334
Sufian A, Russell AR (2013) Microstructural pore changes and energy dissipation in Gosford sandstone during pre-failure loading using X-ray CT. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 57:119–131
Töröka A, Vásárhelyib B (2010) The influence of fabric and water content on selected rock mechanical parameters of travertine, examples from Hungary. Eng Geol 115:237–245
Vásárhelyia B (2005) Statistical analysis of the influence of water content on the strength of the Miocene limestone. Rock Mech Rock Eng 38:69–76
Vásárhelyia B, Vánb P (2006) Influence of water content on the strength of rock. Eng Geol 84:70–74
Wong LNY, Jong MC (2014) Water saturation effects on the brazilian tensile strength of gypsum and assessment of cracking processes using high-speed video. Rock Mech Rock Eng 47:1103–1115
Yao Q, Chen T, Ju M, Liang S, Liu Y, Li X (2016) Effects of water intrusion on mechanical properties of and crack propagation in coal. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49:4699–4709
Zhou Z, Cai X, Cao W, Li X, Xiong C (2016) Influence of water content on mechanical properties of rock in both saturation and drying processes. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49:3009–3025
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Masoumi, H., Horne, J. & Timms, W. Establishing Empirical Relationships for the Effects of Water Content on the Mechanical Behavior of Gosford Sandstone. Rock Mech Rock Eng 50, 2235–2242 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1243-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1243-x