Abstract
A novel two-step assembly method was found and was used to fabricate special multihollow polymer microspheres. Firstly, monodisperse colloidal particles of poly(styrene-co-(n-butyl acrylate)-co-acrylic acid) (P(St-co-nBA-co-AA)) were synthesized by soap-free emulsion polymerization and the obtained emulsion was transferred to 1-octanol to form colloidosomes which were stabilized by Span 80 and the colloidal particles via assembling at the interface of water/oil. Secondly, the multihollow polymer microspheres were successfully fabricated by heat aggregation and fusion of the aforementioned colloidosomes and colloidal particles. The two-step assembly mechanism was revealed and explained based on the morphologies of multihollow polymer microspheres formed under different emulsifier amounts and sintering conditions.
References
Velev O, Furusawa K, Nagayama K (1996) Assembly of latex particles by using emulsion droplets as templates. 1. Microstructured hollow spheres. Langmuir 12:2374–2384
Velev O, Furusawa K, Nagayama K (1996) Assembly of latex particles by using emulsion droplets as templates. 2. Ball-like and composite aggregates. Langmuir 12:2385–2391
Velev O, Nagayama K (1997) Assembly of latex particles by using emulsion droplets. 3. Reverse (water in oil) system. Langmuir 13:1856–1859
Dinsmore A, Hsu MF, Nikolaides M, Marquez M, Bausch A, Weitz D (2002) Colloidosomes: selectively permeable capsules composed of colloidal particles. Science 298:1006–1009
Yow HN, Routh AF (2008) Release profiles of encapsulated actives from colloidosomes sintered for various durations. Langmuir 25:159–166
Lawrence DB, Cai T, Hu Z, Marquez M, Dinsmore A (2007) Temperature-responsive semipermeable capsules composed of colloidal microgel spheres. Langmuir 23:395–398
Wang C, Liu H, Gao Q, Liu X, Tong Z (2007) Facile fabrication of hybrid colloidosomes with alginate gel cores and shells of porous CaCO3 microparticles. ChemPhysChem 8:1157–1160
Cayre OJ, Noble PF, Paunov VN (2004) Fabrication of novel colloidosome microcapsules with gelled aqueous cores. J Mater Chem 14:3351–3355
Thompson KL, Armes S, Howse J, Ebbens S, Ahmad I, Zaidi J, York D, Burdis J (2010) Covalently cross-linked colloidosomes. Macromolecules 43:10466–10474
Walsh A, Thompson K, Armes S, York D (2010) Polyamine-functional sterically stabilized latexes for covalently cross-linkable colloidosomes. Langmuir 26:18039–18048
Gong Y, Zhu AM, Zhang QG, Liu QL (2014) Colloidosomes from poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-coated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels via UV crosslinking. RSC Adv 4:9445
He X, Ge XW, Wang M, Zhang Z (2005) Polystyrene/melamine-formaldehyde hollow microsphere composite by self-assembling of latex particles at emulsion droplet interface. Polymer 46:7598–7604
Bon SA, Cauvin S, Colver PJ (2007) Colloidosomes as micron-sized polymerisation vessels to create supracolloidal interpenetrating polymer network reinforced capsules. Soft Matter 3:194–199
Keen PHR, Slater NKH, Routh AF (2012) Encapsulation of yeast cells in colloidosomes. Langmuir 28:1169–1174
Sander JS, Studart AR (2014) Multiwalled functional colloidosomes made small and in large quantities via bulk emulsification. Soft Matter 10:60–68
Taly V, Kelly BT, Griffiths AD (2007) Droplets as microreactors for high-throughput biology. ChemBioChem 8:263–272
Augustin MA, Hemar Y (2009) Nano-and micro-structured assemblies for encapsulation of food ingredients. Chem Soc Rev 38:902–912
Bollhorst T, Grieb T, Rosenauer A, Fuller G, Maas M, Rezwan K (2013) Synthesis route for the self-assembly of submicrometer-sized colloidosomes with tailorable nanopores. Chem Mater 25:3464–3471
Pan Y, Gao J, Zhang B, Zhang X, Xu B (2009) Colloidosome-based synthesis of a multifunctional nanostructure of silver and hollow iron oxide nanoparticles. Langmuir 26:4184–4187
Keen PH, Slater NK, Routh AF (2014) Encapsulation of amylase in colloidosomes. Langmuir 30:1939–1948
Liu Y, Chen X, Xin J (2006) Silica nanoparticles-walled microcapsules. J Mater Sci 41:5399–5401
Cayre OJ, Hitchcock J, Manga MS, Fincham S, Simoes A, Williams RA, Biggs S (2012) pH-responsive colloidosomes and their use for controlling release. Soft Matter 8:4717–4724
Shahidan N, Liu R, Thaiboonrod S, Alexander C, Shakesheff KM, Saunders BR (2013) Hollow colloidosomes prepared using accelerated solvent evaporation. Langmuir 29:13676–13685
Shah RK, Kim J-W, Weitz DA (2009) Monodisperse stimuli-responsive colloidosomes by self-assembly of microgels in droplets. Langmuir 26:1561–1565
Yuan C, Zeng B, Yu S, Mao J, Chen X, Luo W, Xu Y, Chang F-C, Dai L (2014) An airflow-controlled solvent evaporation route to hollow microspheres and colloidosomes. RSC Adv 4:4796–4803
You J-O, Rafat M, Auguste DT (2011) Cross-linked, heterogeneous colloidosomes exhibit pH-induced morphogenesis. Langmuir 27:11282–11286
Gordon VD, Chen X, Hutchinson JW, Bausch AR, Marquez M, Weitz DA (2004) Self-assembled polymer membrane capsules inflated by osmotic pressure. J Am Chem Soc 126:14117–14122
Song Y-K, Jo Y-H, Lim Y-J, Cho S-Y, Yu H-C, Ryu B-C, Lee S-I, Chung C-M (2013) Sunlight-induced self-healing of a microcapsule-type protective coating. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:1378–1384
White SR, Sottos N, Geubelle P, Moore J, Kessler MR, Sriram S, Brown E, Viswanathan S (2001) Autonomic healing of polymer composites. Nature 409:794–797
Luo Y, Ye C (2012) Using nanocapsules as building blocks to fabricate organic polymer nanofoam with ultra low thermal conductivity and high mechanical strength. Polymer 53:5699–5705
Wang H, Wang M, Ge X (2008) One-step fabrication of multihollow polystyrene particles from miniemulsion system with nonionic surfactant. Polymer 49:4974–4980
Zhang H, Cooper A (2002) Synthesis of monodisperse emulsion-templated polymer beads by oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) sedimentation polymerization. Chem Mater 14:4017–4020
Yuan Q, Yang L, Wang M, Wang H, Ge X, Ge X (2009) The mechanism of the formation of multihollow polymer spheres through sulfonated polystyrene particles. Langmuir 25:2729–2735
Kim J-W, Ko J-Y, Jun J-B, Chang I-S, Kang H-H, Suh K-D (2003) Multihollow polymer microcapsules by water-in-oil-in-water emulsion polymerization: morphological study and entrapment characteristics. Colloid Polym Sci 281:157–163
Luz C, Coutinho F (2001) The influence of the diluent system on the porous structure formation of copolymers based on 2-vinylpyridine and divinylbenzene. Diluent system: II-n-heptane/toluene. Polymer 42:4931–4938
Tan J, Li C, Zhou J, Yin C, Zhang B, Gu J, Zhang Q (2014) Fast and facile fabrication of porous polymer particles via thiol–ene suspension photopolymerization. RSC Adv 4:13334–13339
Kobayashi H, Miyanaga E, Okubo M (2007) Preparation of multihollow polymer particles by seeded emulsion polymerization using seed particles with incorporated nonionic emulsifier. Langmuir 23:8703–8708
Okubo M, Ichikawa K (1994) Production of multihollow polymer particles by the stepwise alkali/acid method IV. Acid treatment process. Colloid Polym Sci 272:933–937
Okubo M, Ito A, Hashiba A (1996) Production of submicron-sized multihollow polymer particles having high transition temperatures by the stepwise alkali/acid method. Colloid Polym Sci 274:428–432
Okubo M, Ito A, Kanenobu T (1996) Production of submicron-sized multihollow polymer particles by alkali/cooling method. Colloid Polym Sci 274:801–804
Okubo M, Nakagawa T (1994) Formation of multihollow structures in crosslinked composite polymer particles. Colloid Polym Sci 272:530–535
Okubo M, Nakamura M, Ito A (1997) Influence of the kind of alkali on the preparation of multihollow polymer particles by the alkali/cooling method. J Appl Polym Sci 64:1947–1951
Okubo M, Ichikawa K, Fujimura M (1991) Production of multi-hollow polymer microspheres by stepwise alkali/acid method II. Alkali treatment process. Colloid Polym Sci 269:1257–1262
Okada M, Matoba T, Okubo M (2003) Influence of nonionic emulsifier included inside carboxylated polymer particles on the formation of multihollow structure by the alkali/cooling method. Colloid Polym Sci 282:193–197
Li C, Zhang B, Tan J, Fan X, Liu Y, Zhang H, Zhang Q (2014) Colloidal particles with various glass transition temperatures: preparation, assembly, and the properties of stop bands under heat treatment. J Mater Sci 49:2653–2661
Laïb S, Routh AF (2008) Fabrication of colloidosomes at low temperature for the encapsulation of thermally sensitive compounds. J Colloid Interface Sci 317:121–129
Hentschel J, Kushner AM, Ziller J, Guan Z (2012) Self-healing supramolecular block copolymers. Angew Chem 124:10713–10717
Luo Y, Wang X, Zhu Y, Li B-G, Zhu S (2010) Polystyrene-block-poly (n-butyl acrylate)-block-polystyrene triblock copolymer thermoplastic elastomer synthesized via RAFT emulsion polymerization. Macromolecules 43:7472–7481
Wang W, Zhang Q (2012) Synthesis of block copolymer poly (n-butyl acrylate)-b-polystyrene by DPE seeded emulsion polymerization with monodisperse latex particles and morphology of self-assembly film surface. J Colloid Interface Sci 374:54–60
Kralchevsky PA, Nagayama K (2000) Capillary interactions between particles bound to interfaces, liquid films and biomembranes. Adv Colloid Interf Sci 85:145–192
Rosenzweig N, Narkis M (1981) Observation and analysis technique for studying sintering of polymeric particles. J Appl Polym Sci 26:2787–2789
Mazur S, Beckerbauer R, Buckholz J (1997) Particle size limits for sintering polymer colloids without viscous flow. Langmuir 13:4287–4294
Bellehumeur CT, Kontopoulou M, Vlachopoulos J (1998) The role of viscoelasticity in polymer sintering. Rheol Acta 37:270–278
Routh AF, Russel WB (1999) A process model for latex film formation: limiting regimes for individual driving forces. Langmuir 15:7762–7773
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for the financial support provided by National Natural Science Foundation of China (no. 51173146, 51433008), the Doctorate Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University (CX201515), and Basic Research Fund of Northwestern Polytechnical University (3102014JCQ01094, 3102014ZD).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, C., Tan, J., Liu, Y. et al. Facile fabrication of multihollow polymer microspheres via novel two-step assembly of P(St-co-nBA-co-AA) particles. Colloid Polym Sci 293, 993–1001 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-015-3501-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-015-3501-3