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Out of Antarctica: quaternary colonization of sub-Antarctic Marion Island by the limpet genus Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae)

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Abstract

The distribution of the Southern Ocean nearshore marine benthic fauna is the consequence of major geologic, oceanographic, and climatic changes during the last 50 Ma. As a result, a main biogeographic principle in the Southern Ocean is the clear distinction of the Antarctic biota. The Antarctic Polar Front (APF) represents an important barrier between Antarctica and other sub-Antarctic provinces. However, the high degree of genetic affinity between populations of the Antarctic limpet Nacella concinna and its sub-Antarctic relative Nacella delesserti from Marion Island stands against this tenet. Here, we performed new phylogenetic reconstructions in Nacella with special emphasis on the relationship between N. concinna and N. delesserti. Similarly, we performed population-based analyses in N. concinna and N. delesserti to further understand the genetic legacy of the Quaternary glacial cycles. Phylogenetic reconstructions recognized N. concinna and N. delesserti as two closely but distinct monophyletic entities and therefore as valid evolutionary units. The cladogenetic process separating them occurred ~0.35 Ma and is consistent with the origin of Marion Island (~0.45 Ma). Exceptional long-distance dispersal between provinces located inside and outside the APF, rather than revealing the permeability of the Antarctic Polar Front, seems to be related to latitudinal shift in the position of the APF during coldest periods of the Quaternary. Diversity indices, neutrality tests, haplotype networks, and demographic inference analysis showed that the demography of both species exhibits a clear signal of postglacial expansion.

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Acknowledgments

INACH Office project G_04_11, PhD thesis projects INACH B_01-07, Conicyt 24090009 and postdoctorate fellowship 3120075 (C.G-W), projects INACH 02-02 & 13-05 and Ecos C06B02 (E.P). Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB, Universidad de Chile) ICM-P05-002 & PFB-023- CONICYT. Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML), EBA-SCAR and PROSUL-Brazil for encouraging and supporting Antarctic research in Evolution. Simon Morley was funded by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). Program JR230 of the British Antarctic Survey (T.S). This work was supported by South African National Research Foundation Grant SNA2011110700005. Collections on Marion Island were made with the assistance of Aleks Terauds, Jennifer Lee, and Susana Clusella-Trullas.

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  1. GAIA-Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, 621-0427, Chile

    Claudio A. González-Wevar

  2. Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular (LEM), Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile

    Claudio A. González-Wevar & Elie Poulin

  3. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia

    Steven L. Chown

  4. British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge, UK

    Simon Morley

  5. Departamento de Aves Marinas, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Nestor Coria

  6. Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, 21000, France

    Thomas Saucéde

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  1. Claudio A. González-Wevar
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Correspondence to Claudio A. González-Wevar.

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This article is an invited contribution on Life in Antarctica: Boundaries and Gradients in a Changing Environment as the main theme of the XIth SCAR Biology Symposium. J.-M. Gili and R. Zapata Guardiola (Guest Editors).

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González-Wevar, C.A., Chown, S.L., Morley, S. et al. Out of Antarctica: quaternary colonization of sub-Antarctic Marion Island by the limpet genus Nacella (Patellogastropoda: Nacellidae). Polar Biol 39, 77–89 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-014-1620-9

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