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Maternal Dietary Nutrient Intake During Pregnancy and Offspring Linear Growth and Bone: The Vitamin D in Pregnancy Cohort Study

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Abstract

Magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, calcium, potassium and protein all play integral roles in maintaining bone health in adults; however, less is known about the importance of these minerals in utero. We aimed to determine associations between maternal dietary consumption of these nutrients during gestation and birth measures in offspring. Of 475 pregnant women recruited from a single antenatal clinic before 16-week gestation (2002–2003) as part of the vitamin D in pregnancy study, 346 with recorded maternal dietary intakes at 28- to 32-week gestation and offspring measures at birth were included. At birth, trained personnel measured the infant’s weight, knee-heel length, crown-heel length and head circumference. At age 11, returning offspring underwent assessment of bone mass by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (n = 171). Crown-heel length was positively and weakly correlated with maternal intakes of all measured nutrients except calcium, fat and carbohydrate (r = 0.15–0.17; all p ≤ 0.05). The associations with protein, phosphorus and potassium were not attenuated after adjustment for maternal and offspring characteristics. No sustained associations were seen with other birth measures. Further, associations with some nutrients persisted with offspring height at age 11 years. Offspring bone area was associated with maternal diet, but no other measure of bone mass at age 11. After adjustment for height, associations were not significant. These data highlight that whilst some nutritional factors during pregnancy are associated with offspring linear growth in utero and childhood, this does not necessarily translate into an effect on offspring bone measures in childhood.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the participants of the VIP study for their ongoing participation. Thanks are also extended to the past and present study staff. Funding for the initial phases of the VIP study was provided by a project grant from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia. The current follow-up is supported by a grant from the Bupa Health Foundation. NKH is supported by an Australian Postgraduate Award, and SLB-O is supported by a Career Development Fellowship from the NHMRC (1107510).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia

    Natalie K. Hyde, Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen, Sarah M. Hosking & Julie A. Pasco

  2. Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen

  3. Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia

    Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen

  4. Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    John D. Wark

  5. Melbourne Medical School-Western Campus, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia

    Julie A. Pasco

  6. Bone and Mineral Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia

    John D. Wark

Authors
  1. Natalie K. Hyde
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  2. Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen
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  3. John D. Wark
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  4. Sarah M. Hosking
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  5. Julie A. Pasco
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Natalie K. Hyde.

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Conflict of interest

NKH, SLB-O and SMH declare no conflict of interest. JAP and JDW are the recipients of a research grant from Bupa Health Foundation. JDW has also received in-kind support from Swisse Wellness for an unrelated study.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study received approval from Barwon Health Human Research Ethics Committee. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Mothers provided consent at each follow-up phase, and at 11 years, offspring provided optional assent.

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Hyde, N.K., Brennan-Olsen, S.L., Wark, J.D. et al. Maternal Dietary Nutrient Intake During Pregnancy and Offspring Linear Growth and Bone: The Vitamin D in Pregnancy Cohort Study. Calcif Tissue Int 100, 47–54 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-016-0199-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-016-0199-2

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