Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Constrained deformation of freeform surfaces using surface features for interactive design

  • Original Article
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

There is an increasing demand in conceptual design for more intuitive methods for creating and modifying freeform curves and surfaces in CAD modeling systems. The methods should be based not only on the change of the mathematical parameters but also on the user's specified constraints and shapes. This paper presents a new surface representation model for freeform surface deformation representation. The model is a combination of two functions: a displacement function and a function for representing an existing NURBS surface called a parent surface. Based on the surface model, the authors develop several novel deformation methods which are named SingleDef (Single-point constraint based deformation method), MultiDef (Multiple-points constraints based deformation method), CurDef (Curve constraints based deformation method) and FeatDef (Feature constraint based deformation method). The techniques for freeform surface deformation allow conceptual designers to modify a parent surface by directly applying point constraints, curve constraint or a surface constraint to the parent surface. The deformation methods are implemented in an experimental CAD system. The results show that designers can easily and intuitively control the surface shape.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1a,b.
Fig. 2a,b.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6
Fig. 7a,b.
Fig. 8a–c.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Boehm W (1980) Inserting new knots into B-spline curves. CAD 12(4):199–201

    Google Scholar 

  2. Boehm W (1985) On the efficiency of knot insertion algorithms. CAGD 2:141–143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Prautzsch H (1984) Degree elevation of B-spline curve. CAGD 1:193–198

    Google Scholar 

  4. Till W (1992) Knot-removal algorithms for NURBS curves and surfaces. CAD 24(8):445–453

    Google Scholar 

  5. Lyche T, Morken K (1987) Knot removal for parametric B-spline curves and surfaces. CAGD 4:217–230

    Google Scholar 

  6. Piegl L, Tiller W (1995) The NURBS book. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York

  7. Welch W, Witkin A (1992) Variational surface modeling. Comput Graph 26(2):157–166

    Google Scholar 

  8. Fowler B, Bartels R (1993) Constraint-based curve manipulation. IEEE CG&A, 13(5):43–49

    Google Scholar 

  9. Au CK, Yuen MMF (1995) Unified approach to NURBS curve shape modification. CAD 27(2):85–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Wycill G, Cao E, Trotman A (1994) The Cao En surface: a new approach to free form geometric models, programming and computer software. Plenum, pp 217–227

    Google Scholar 

  11. Poon CT, Tan ST, Chan KW (1995) Free-form surface design by model deformation and image sculpting. In: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on computer applications in production and engineering, Beijing, pp 90–101

  12. Sederberg TW, Parry SR (1986) Free-form deformation of solid geometric models. SIGGRAPH'86, ACM Comput Graph, 20(4):151–160

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hsu W, Hughes J, Kaufman H (1992) Direct manipulation of free-form deformations. SIGGRAPH'92, Comput Graph, Chicago, July 1992, pp 177–184

  14. Coquillart S (1990) Extended free-form deformations: a sculpting tool for 3D geometric modeling. SIGGAPH'90, ACM Comput Graph, 24(4):187–196

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kalra P, Thalmann D (1992) Simulation of facial muscle actions based on rational free-form deformation. EUROGRAPHICS'92, Computer Graphics Forum, Cambridge, UK, September 1992, 2(3):59–69

  16. Celniker G, Dave G (1991) Deformable curve and surface finite-elements for free-form shape design, computer graphics. SIGGRAPH'91, Las Vegas, 28 July–2 August 1991, pp 257–266

  17. Zhao YF, Tan ST, Wong TN, Chen WJ (1997) Modeling cloth deformation. ICMA'97, University of Hong Kong, 28–30 April 1997, pp 1106–1113

  18. Harada M, Andrew W, David B (1995) Interactive physically-based manipulation of discrete continuous models. SIGGRAPH'95, Comput Graph, Los Angeles, 6–11 August 1995, pp 1–8

  19. Qin H, Terzopoulos D (1996) D-NURBS: a physics-based framework for geometric design. IEEE Trans Visual Comput Graph 2(1):85–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kallay M (1993) Constraint optimization in surface design. In: Falcidieno B, Kunii TL (eds) Modeling in Computer Graphics. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 85–93

  21. Greiner et al (1996) Data dependent thin plate energy and its use in interactive surface modeling. EUROGRAPHICS'96, Computer Graphics Forum, Poitiers, France, 26–30 August 1996, 15(3)

  22. Sarraga R (1998) Recent methods for surface shape optimization. CAGD 15(5):417–436

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Kimura M, Saito T, Shinya M (1996) Surface deformation with differential geometric structures. CAGD 13(3):243–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Cavendish JC, Marin SP (1992) Feature-based surface design and machine. IEEE CG&A 12:61–68

    Google Scholar 

  25. Cavendish JC (1995) Integrating feature-based surface design with freeform deformation. CAD 27(9):703–711

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Qin H, Terzopoulos (1995) Dynamic NURBS swung surfaces for physics-based shape design. CAD 27(2):111–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Qin H, Terzopoulos (1997) Triangular NURBS and their dynamic generalizations. CAGD 14(4):325–347

    Google Scholar 

  28. Qin H, Terzopoulos (1994) Dynamic NURBS with geometric constraints for interactive sculpting. ACM Trans Graph 13(2):103–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Cavendish JC, Samuel P, Marin S. (1992) A procedural feature-based approach for designing functional surface. In: Hans Hagen (ed), Topics in surface modeling. SIAM, pp 145–168

  30. Konno K, Chiyokura H (1998) An approach of designing and controlling free-form surfaces by using NURBS boundary Gregory patches. CAGD 13(9):825–849

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ueda K (1998) A modification to the rational boundary Gregory patch. CAGD 13(9):811–823

    Google Scholar 

  32. Borrel P (1994) Simple constrained deformations for geometric modeling and interactive design. ACM Trans Graph 13(2):137–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Wesselink W, Veltkamp RC (1995) Interactive design of constrained variational curves. CAGD 12(5):533–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Elsas PV, Vergeest JS (1998) Displacement feature modelling for conceptual design. CAD 30(1):19–27

    Google Scholar 

  35. Piegl L, Tiller W (1997) Symbolic operators for NURBS. CAD 29(5):361–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Zheng JM, Chan KW, Gibson I (1999) Surface feature constraint deformation for free-form surface and interactive design. In: Proceedings of ACM solid modeling '99, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 9–11 June 1999, pp 223–234

  37. Zheng JM, Chan KW, Gibson I (1999) Multiple-points constraints based deformation for free-form surface. In: Proceedings of 25th design and automation conference, Las Vegas, 12–15 September 1999

Download references

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Hong Kong for providing the computation and interface facilities. Thanks are also rendered to the members of the CAD/CAM group for assistance and advice.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. General Electric Global Research

    JM Zheng

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong

    KW Chan & I Gibson

Authors
  1. JM Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. KW Chan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. I Gibson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to JM Zheng.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zheng, J., Chan, K. & Gibson, I. Constrained deformation of freeform surfaces using surface features for interactive design. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 22, 54–67 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-002-1442-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-002-1442-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation