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Emerging Trends in Neuro Engineering and Neural Computation pp 61–80Cite as

Revolutionizing Causal Circuitry Neurostimulation Utilizing the Optogenetic Technique Through Advanced Microsystems Development

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Abstract

Optogenetics has recently emerged to become one of the most significant tools for in vivo causal analysis of neural networks. Developed through decades of pioneering work, the optogenetic toolbox has expanded utility to allow virtually total control over cellular actions. This article explores the emerging technologies that have been incorporated into making optogenetics a versatile technique in neuroscience research. Genetically engineered opsins continually evolve to directly activate or inhibit neuronal transmission with greater precision and functionality. A variety of light sources and fiber coupling methods employ unique photoactivation patterns and shapes. This article further explores the novel devices and systems that have been developed for the research setting and the technologies each system incorporates. These tethered systems, portable devices, and implantable microdevices have inherent benefits and detriments that are also discussed. Finally, emerging translational properties of optogenetics, particularly that for retinal pigmentosa, demonstrate how optogenetics may one day precipitate out of the research setting and into our healthcare practice.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia

    R. P. Kale & A. Z. Kouzani

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    R. P. Kale & S. J. Tye

  3. Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    S. Paek

  4. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    S. Paek

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  1. Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Deakin University, Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation, 3216 Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia

    Asim Bhatti

  2. Mayo Clinic, 55905 Rochester, Minnesota, USA

    Kendall H. Lee

  3. Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332-0245 Atlanta, Georgia, USA

    Hamid Garmestani

  4. Geelong Waurn Ponds Campus, Deakin University, Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation, 3216 Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia

    Chee Peng Lim

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Kale, R.P., Paek, S., Tye, S.J., Kouzani, A.Z. (2017). Revolutionizing Causal Circuitry Neurostimulation Utilizing the Optogenetic Technique Through Advanced Microsystems Development. In: Bhatti, A., Lee, K., Garmestani, H., Lim, C. (eds) Emerging Trends in Neuro Engineering and Neural Computation. Series in BioEngineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3957-7_3

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  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-3955-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-3957-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

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