Abstract
Internationalisation of the curriculum is gaining increased popularity among universities, especially in developed countries, though there is much debate about its rationales, nature and process. Internationalisation of the curriculum is understood and implemented differently across different regions of the world. In Vietnam, the introduction of ‘Chương trình tiên tiến’ [the advanced programme], which uses English as a medium of instruction and aims to enhance the quality of teaching and learning at selected universities in accordance with the ‘standards’ established by foreign partner universities, is often seen as the country’s most advanced and successful effort in the internationalisation of the curriculum. This chapter analyses the drivers, implementation process, impacts and challenges of the various advanced programmes. Drawing on the conceptual lenses of curriculum internationalisation and curriculum borrowing, the chapter points out the contradiction between the rhetoric and practice in implementing advanced programmes. In policy documents, the introduction of advanced programmes is often understood as a signature initiative in internationalising the Vietnamese higher education (HE) curriculum. However, in practice, it reflects features of curriculum transposition rather than curriculum internationalisation. After 10 years of implementation, the project has had positive impacts in terms of providing students with exposure to advanced disciplinary knowledge and learning environment and enhancing students’ generic skills and English proficiency, boosting graduates’ competitiveness in the local and regional labour market. However, its objective of producing a high quality workforce for Vietnam is still far from being achieved, partly because advanced programmes are implemented only within certain disciplines in selected universities. Only a small proportion of students can have to the advanced programmes. Impacts are fragmented and on a small scale rather than the advanced programmes reshaping the entire enterprise of selected universities. The advanced programmes do not tend to entail the systematic development of graduate attributes across the whole of a university. Moreover, the advanced programmes draw on entirely imported models in relation to programme structure, design, management and curriculum ideologies and content. Given the differences in histories, national needs, cultures, educational ideologies and especially infrastructures between Vietnamese Universities and their foreign partner universities, this neo-colonial approach is facing a number of challenges, especially in terms of sustainability, feasibility and practicality.
“The raft is used to cross the river. It isn’t to be carried around on your shoulders.”
— Thích Nhất Hạnh, The Miracle of Mindfulness
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Official Website of University of Technology (Vietnam National University, HCM city) http://oisp. hcmut.edu.vn/tuyen-sinh/pho-diem-xet-tuyen-2015.html
- 2.
Official Website of University of Technology (Vietnam National University, HCM city) http://oisp. hcmut.edu.vn/chuong-trinh-dao-tao-dai-hoc/chuong-trinh-tien-tien-illinois.html
- 3.
Official website of Vietnam Maritime University: http://ise-vmu.edu.vn/tuyen-sinh-47/dao-tao-dai-hoc-119/thong-tin-tuyen-sinh-chuong-trinh-tien-tien-lien-ket-voi-hoc-vien-hang-hai-california-hoa-ky--490-2.html
- 4.
GD&TD (2014, March 21). ĐH Ngoại thương công bố thông tin tuyển sinh 2014. Bao moi. Retrieved from http://www.baomoi.com/DH-Ngoai-thuong-cong-bo-thong-tin-tuyen-sinh-2014/c/13365570.epi
Official website of Foreign Trade University: http://qldt.ftu.edu.vn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=661:thong-bao-im-xet-tuyn-cac-chng-trinh-cht-lng-cao-va-chng-trinh-tien-tin-nm-2014&catid=116:tuyn-sinh&Itemid=249
- 5.
Official website of National Economics University http://www.thongtintuyensinh.vn/Truong-Dai-hoc-Kinh-te-Quoc-dan_C50_D630.htm#.VfOvrWORKKg
References
Anh, H. (2013). December 10. Chương trình tiên tiến đang... thụt lùi (The advanced program is … moving backward). Thanh Nien Online. Retrieved from http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/giao-duc/chuong-trinh-tien-tien-dang-thut-lui-8583.html.
Beelen, J., & Jones, E. (2015). Redefining internationalisation at home. In A. Curaj, L. Matei, R. Pricopie, J. Salmi, & P. Scott (Eds.), The European higher education area (pp. 59–72). Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20877-0_5.
Cowen, R. (2000). Comparing futures or comparing pasts? Comparative Education, 36(3), 333–342.
Dang, Q. A. (2011). Internationalisation of higher education: China and Vietnam (M.Sc Thesis). Copenhagen Business School. Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of State & MOET. (2009). Final report: US-Vietnam education task force. Hanoi: Embassy of the United States.
Duong, H. (2009). The modernization of the national higher education of Vietnam, 1990s-present: American universities - A resource and recourse. (Doctoral thesis), St. John’s University, New York.
Foreign Trade Univeristy. (2012). Nhung dieu can biet ve tuyen sinh dai hoc, cao dang Dai Hoc Ngoai Thuong 2012. Retrieved from http://qldt.ftu.edu.vn/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=301:nhng-iu-cn-bit-v-tuyn-sinh-i-hc-cao-ng-i-hc-ngoi-thng-2012&catid=116:tuyn-sinh&Itemid=249.
Foreign Trade University. (2016). Chuong trinh tien tien – Khoa kinh te va kinh doanh quoc te. Retrieved from http://www2.ftu.edu.vn/index.php/vi/tin-tuc/tuyen-sinh/266-chuong-trinh-tien-tin--khoa-kinh-t-va-kinh-doanh-quc-t.
Giap, V. D. (2011). Triết lý giáo dục: Cần hay không? (educational philosophy: Is it necessary?) Kỷ yếu Humboldt: Kinh nghiệm thế giới và Việt Nam (Humboldt Proceedings: International and Vietnamese experience), 727–738.
Gudeman, K. (2008). August 28). Illinois, Vietnam National University agree to share ECE curriculum, create exchange program. [Web log]. Retrieved from http://www.ece.illinois.edu/newsroom/article/127.
Hoang, L., Tran, L. T., & Pham, H. H. (2017). Vietnam’s government policies and practices in internationalisation of higher education. In L. T. Tran & S. Marginson (Eds.), Internationalisation in Vietnamese higher education. Dordrecht: Springer.
HCMUT. (2016a). Ky su dien – Dien tu – Chuong trinh tien tien. Retrieved from http://oisp.hcmut.edu.vn/chuong-trinh-dao-tao-dai-hoc/chuong-trinhtien-tien-illinois.html.
HCMUT. (2016b). DH Bach Khoa – Kiem dinh quoc te, hoi nhap the gioi. Retrieved from http://www.hcmut.edu.vn/vi/newsletter/view/tin-tuc/3491–dhbach-khoa-kiem-dinh-quoc-te–hoi-nhap-the-gioi.
Hung, N., & Ngan, V. (2011). June 22. Đào tạo chương trình tiên tiến: Cơ hội rộng mở đối với sinh viên (Implementing advanced programs: Opportunities for students). Dan tri. Retrieved from http://dantri.com.vn/giao-duc-khuyen-hoc/dao-tao-chuong-trinh-tien-tien-co-hoi-rong-mo-doi-voi-sinh-vien-1308990229.htm.
Huyen, L. (2015, August 24). Diem chuan Dai hoc Bach Khoa thanh pho Ho Chi Minh. Retrieved from http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/giaoduc/258287/diem-chuan-dh-bach-khoa-tp-hcm.html.
Huynh, T. (2015). September 25. Nắm rõ học phí để khỏi bất ngờ (Knowing tuition fees to stay away from surprise). Tuoi Tre Online. Retrieved from http://tuyensinh.tuoitre.vn/tin/diem-chuan/20120322/nam-ro-hoc-phi-de-khoi-bat-ngo/483385.html.
Leask, B. (2015). Internationalising the curriculum. London: Routledge.
MOET. (2006). Official document No. 300/DGD&DT-DH&SDH on “Guidance on the pilot implementation of advanced programs”. Hanoi: MOET.
MOET. (2008). Project for training by advanced curricula in some Vietnamese universities: Period 2008–2015. Hanoi.
MOET. (2012). Quyết định số 711/QĐ-TTg, 13/6/2012, Chiến lược phát triển giáo dục 2011–2020 (Decision number 711/QĐ-TTg on 13 June, 2012 on strategy for education development 2011–2020). Hanoi, Vietnam.
Morris, P. (2012). Pick’n’mix, select and project; policy borrowing and the quest for ‘world class’ schooling: An analysis of the 2010 schools white paper. Journal of Education Policy, 27(1), 89–107.
Ngan, A. (2015). After four years, the unemployment rate doubles. Vietnamnet, 24 Appril, 2015, Retrieved on 20 September, 2015 from http://vietnamnet.vn/vn/giao-duc/234129/sau-4-nam--cu-nhan-that-nghiep-tang-gap-doi.html.
Nguyen, A. T. (2009a). The Internationalisation of higher education in Vietnam: National policies and institutional implementation at Vietnam National University, Hanoi. Waseda University. Global COE Program, Global Institute for Asian Regional Integration, GIARI Working Paper, 2008-E-21.
Nguyen, A. T. (2009b). The internationalisation of higher education in Vietnam in the context of east Asian integration: Policies and practice. Paper presented at the international conference on higher education Research and Development (IHERD 2009), Dhurakij Pundit Unviersity, Bangkok, Thailand.
Nguyen, N., & Tran, L. T. (2017). Looking inward or outward? Vietnam higher education at the superhighway of globalisation: culture, values and changes. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2017.1332457.
Oanh, K. (2005). October 5. Năm 2006, Việt Nam thí điểm chương trình đào tạo đại học tiên tiến (In 2006 Vietnam to pilot implementation of advanced BA curricula). Vietnamnet. Retrieved from http://vnn.vietnamnet.vn/giaoduc/tintuc/2005/10/496639/.
Phuong, Q. (2011). April 6. Chương trình tiên tiến thiếu hấp dẫn (Appealing advanced programs). Tien Phong. Retrieved from http://www.tienphong.vn/Khoa-Giao/chuong-trinh-tien-tien-thieu-hap-dan-533775.tpo.
Sadler, M. E. (1990). How far can we learn anything of practical value from the study of foreign systems of education? Comparative Education Review, 7(3), 307–314.
Spreen, C. A. (2004). Appropriating borrowed policies: Outcomes-based education in South Africa. In G. Steiner-Khamsi (Ed.), The global politics of educational borrowing and lending (pp. 101–113). New York: Teacher College Press.
Steiner-Khamsi, G., & Waldow, F. (Eds.). (2012). Policy borrowing and lending: World yearbook of education 2012. London: Routledge.
Thinh, P. (2010). October 20. Vì sao sinh viên chương trình tiên tiến giảm? (Why is there a decrease in the number of students in advanced programs?). VTC News. Retrieved from http://m.vtc.vn/538-265719/giao-duc/vi-sao-sinh-vien-chuong-trinh-tien-tien-giam.htm.
Thủ tướng chính phủ (Prime Minister). (2005). Nghị quyết về đổi mới cơ bản và toàn diện giáo dục đại học Việt Nam giai đoạn 2006–2020, số 14/2005/NQ-CP, ngày 02 tháng 11 năm 2005 (A Resolution No. 14/2005/NQ-CP dated 2 November, 2005 on the fundamental and comprehensive reform of higher education in Vietnam 2006–2020). Hanoi: Vietnam.
Thủ Tướng Chính Phủ (Prime Minister). (2012). Quyết định số 711/QĐ-TTg, 13/6/2012, Chiến lược phát triển giáo dục 2011–2020 (Decision number 711/QĐ-TTg, 13/6/2012, Strategies for education development 2011–2020). Hanoi, Vietnam.
Tran, T. T. (2013). Limitation on the development of skills in higher education in Vietnam. Higher Education, 65(5), 631–644.
Tran, T. B. (n.d.). Đào tạo nhân lực ở Việt Nam (Human resources Development in Vietnam). Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Văn hóa, (4). http://huc.edu.vn/vi/spct/id123/DAO-TAO-NHAN-LUC-O-VIET-NAM/.
Tran, L. T., & Marginson, S. (2018a). Internationalisation of Vietnamese higher education: An overview. In L. T. Tran & S. Marginson (Eds.), Internationalisation in Vietnamese higher education. Dordrecht: Springer.
Tran, L. T., & Marginson, S. (2018b). Internationalisation of Vietnamese higher education: Possibilities, challenges and implications. In L. T. Tran & S. Marginson (Eds.), Internationalisation in Vietnamese higher education. Dordrecht: Springer.
Tran, T. Q., & Swierczek, F. W. (2009). Skills development in higher education in Vietnam. Asia Pacific Business Review, 15(4), 565–586.
Tran, L., Marginson, S., Do, H., Do, Q., Le, T., Nguyen, N., Vu, T., Pham, T., & Nguyen, H. (2014). Higher education in Vietnam: Flexibility, mobility and practicality in the global knowledge economy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Tran, L. T., Ngo, M., Nguyen, N., & Dang, X. T. (2017). Hybridity in Vietnamese universities: an analysis of the interactions between Vietnamese traditions and foreign influences. Studies in Higher Education, 42(10), 1899-1916.
Turbin, J. (2001). Policy borrowing: Lessons from European attempts to transfer training practices. International Journal of Training and Development, 5(2), 96–111.
Tuy, H. (2007). Năm mới, chuyện cũ (New year, old story). Tia Sang Journal, 2 Feb.
Vallely, T. J., & Wilkinson, B. (2008). Vietnamese higher education: Crisis and response. Memorandum: Higher Education Task Force, Harvard Kennedy School.
Welch, A. R. (2010). Internatinalisation of Vietnamese higher education: Retrospect and prospect. In G. S. Harman, M. Hayden, & N. T. Pham (Eds.), Reforming higher education in Vietnam: Challenges and priorities (pp. 197–212). The Netherland: Springer.
World Bank. (2012). Putting higher education to work: Skills and research for growth in East Asia. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tran, L.T., Le Thanh Phan, H., Marginson, S. (2018). The ‘Advanced Programmes’ in Vietnam: Internationalising the Curriculum or Importing the ‘Best Curriculum’ of the West?. In: Tran, L., Marginson, S. (eds) Internationalisation in Vietnamese Higher Education . Higher Education Dynamics, vol 51. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78492-2_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78492-2_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-78490-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-319-78492-2
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)