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Capsicum annuum Bioactive Compounds: Health Promotion Perspectives

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Bioactive Molecules in Food

Part of the book series: Reference Series in Phytochemistry ((RSP))

Abstract

Capsicum annum L. commonly known as bell pepper exhibits proven health as well as medicinal significance. It can be consumed either in fresh or processed form and is rich source of vitamin C, provitamin A, and calcium. Array of bioactive compounds especially antioxidants in its phytochemical profile make it an ideal choice for preventing cell damage, cancer insurgence, diabetes prevalence, cardiovascular disorders, cataracts, Alzheimer’s, and Parkinson’s disease. Major antioxidant compounds in capsicum are carotenoids, tocopherols, and capsaicinoids (capsacicin). Their anticancer role is attributed to their ability to act as scavengers of singlet molecular oxygen, reactive oxygen species (ROS), peroxyl radicals, and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Capsaicinoids intake effectively reduced the triacyclglycerols, plasma total cholesterol (PTC), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and thereby helps in the prevention of cardiovascular ailments. It also exhibit effective and proactive contribution against age-related ailments. Capsaicin exposure expressively repressed the initial adipogenic differentiation, maturation, and lipogenesis of adipocytes. Capsaicin also has ability to target the TRPV1 receptors in the C-fibers lead to their stimulation followed by desensitization that helps to improve the neurogenic bladder. So, it may serve as a potential emerging treatment for patients who are nonrespondent to conventional therapy especially those with neurogenic bladder.

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Abbreviations

18α-GA:

18 alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid

ABCA1:

ATP-binding cassette transporter

ABCG1:

ATP-binding cassette transporter-G1

ABCG5:

ATP-binding cassette transporter-G-5

AdipoR2:

Adiponectin gene/protein and its receptor

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

ALCAM:

Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule

AMPK:

Activation of activated protein kinase

Apo-A1:

Apolipoprotein-A1

apoM:

Apolipoprotein M

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

BAT:

Brown adipose tissue

BCC:

Basal carcinoma cells

BUN:

Blood urea nitrogen

C/EBPα:

C-enhancer-binding proteins

Ca2+ :

Calcium

CaMK-II:

Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II

Capz:

Capsazepine

CCMSs:

Capsaicin-chitosan microspheres

CD36:

Cluster of differentiation-36

COX-2:

Cyclooxygenase-2

CRP:

C-reactive protein levels

CRT:

Calreticulin

Cx43:

Connexin 43

DCs:

Dendritic cells

DHC:

Dihydrocapsaicin

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EC-LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli

EMT:

Epithelial mesenchymal transition

eNOS:

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinases

FABP4:

Fatty acid binding protein-4

FADD:

Fas-associated protein with death domain

FAK:

Focal adhesion kinase

GC:

Gastric cancer

GDM:

Gestational diabetes mellitus

Glu:

Glutamate

GSH:

Glutathione

GSSG:

Oxidized glutathione

HDL-C:

High density lipoprotein

HMGCR:

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase

HO-1:

Heme oxygenase-1

HSL:

Hormone sensitive lipase

HUVECs:

Human umbilical vein endothelial cells

ICD:

Immunogenic cell death

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1 beta

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

KA:

Kainic acid

Klf2:

Kruppel-like factor 2

LDL-C:

Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol

LDL-R:

Low-density lipoprotein receptor

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MS–MS:

Mass spectrometry

NDO:

Eurogenic detrusor overactive

NET:

Neuroendocrine tumor cells

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-kappa B

NOD/SCID:

Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency

NPC1:

Niemann-Pick C1 protein

OH:

Hydroxyl

PC-3:

Pancreatic cancer

p-CaM:

Adhesion molecule

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PPARdelta:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta

PPARgamma:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

PPARα:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma

PTPϵ:

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase ϵ

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

SRA-1:

Steroid receptor RNA activator 1

SRB1:

Scavenger receptor class B member 1

TG:

Triglycerides

TIMP-1:

Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-1

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

TRP:

Transient receptor potential

TRPV1:

Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1

UCP2:

Uncoupling protein 2

UV:

Ultraviolet

VEGFA:

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A

VLDL-C:

Very low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol

WT:

Wild-type

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Functional and Nutraceutical Food Research Section, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The project was partially supported by Higher Education Commission, Pakistan, under Pak-US Science and Technology Cooperation Program Phase IV with a project entitled “Establishment of Functional and Nutraceutical Food Research Section at the National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.”

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Imran & Masood Sadiq Butt

  2. Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Imran

  3. UQ School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria

  4. Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA

    Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria

Authors
  1. Muhammad Imran
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  2. Masood Sadiq Butt
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  3. Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria
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Correspondence to Hafiz Ansar Rasul Suleria .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Gr. d'Etude Subst. Vég. à Act. Biol, Institut des Sciences de la Vigne e Gr. d'Etude Subst. Vég. à Act. Biol, Villenave d'Ornon, France

    Jean-Michel Mérillon

  2. M.L. Sukhadia University , Badgaon, Rajasthan, India

    K.G. Ramawat

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Imran, M., Butt, M.S., Suleria, H.A.R. (2018). Capsicum annuum Bioactive Compounds: Health Promotion Perspectives. In: Mérillon, JM., Ramawat, K. (eds) Bioactive Molecules in Food. Reference Series in Phytochemistry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54528-8_47-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54528-8_47-1

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-54528-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-54528-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Chemistry and Mat. ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Chemistry, Materials and Physics

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