Abstract
All religions have worldviews and their followers become defensive when threatened. We can find examples of numerous religious-fundamentalist movements, such as Islamic, Hindu, Jewish, and Christian. The September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States brought attention to Islamic fundamentalism and extremism. This led to investment in educational reforms and programs on peace education; however, a more specialized term of “countering violent extremism (CVE)” was coined and/or promoted during the White House Summit on CVE in 2015. This chapter aims to understand how fundamentalism and violent extremism are defined in relation to the prominent religions, such as Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism. The analysis will focus on differential treatment of the followers of the selected faiths in the literature on violent extremism and terrorism and programs on CVE.
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Notes
- 1.
Rushdie received much criticism and blasphemy charges from Muslim clerics around the world after publishing his book The Satanic Verses. In 1989, Ayatollah Khomeini of Iran issued a fatwa demanding Muslims to kill Rushdie.
- 2.
For more information about groups working on CVE in different parts of the world visit www.peaceinsight.org.
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Ahmed, Z.S., Bashirov, G. (2020). Religious Fundamentalism and Violent Extremism. In: Rojas Aravena, F. (eds) The Difficult Task of Peace. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21974-1_11
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