Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are useful for diagnosing various mental conditions such as epilepsy, memory impairments and sleep disorders. Brain–computer interface (BCI) is a revolutionary new area using EEG that is most useful for the severely disabled individuals for hands-off device control and communication as they create a direct interface from the brain to the external environment, therefore circumventing the use of peripheral muscles and limbs. However, being non-invasive, BCI designs are not necessarily limited to this user group and other applications for gaming, music, biometrics etc., have been developed more recently. This chapter will give an introduction to EEG-based BCI and existing methodologies; specifically those based on transient and steady state evoked potentials, mental tasks and motor imagery will be described. Two real-life scenarios of EEG-based BCI applications in biometrics and device control will also be briefly explored. Finally, current challenges and future trends of this technology will be summarised.
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- 1.
With 256 Hz sampling rate, one second EEG will have 256 data points, other sampling rate up to 2,048 Hz is common.
- 2.
This can be demonstrated using an old trick. While sitting comfortably, lift right leg off the ground and rotate the right foot clockwise. Now, with right hand, draw number six in the air—what happens to the foot direction?
- 3.
Peeking over the shoulder to steal another person’s password.
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© 2014 Springer-Verlag London
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Palaniappan, R. (2014). Electroencephalogram-based Brain–Computer Interface: An Introduction. In: Miranda, E., Castet, J. (eds) Guide to Brain-Computer Music Interfacing. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6584-2_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6584-2_2
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