Skip to main content

Writing as a Learning Tool in Science: Lessons Learnt and Future Agendas

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Second International Handbook of Science Education

Part of the book series: Springer International Handbooks of Education ((SIHE,volume 24))

Abstract

In this chapter, we first review the two dominant accounts from the 1990s of the role of writing as a learning tool in science, including relevant classroom-based research, as a basis for analysing current research agendas in this area. The increased use of new technologies to practice science and represent processes and findings, linked to recognition of the multi-modal nature of science as a discourse, has led to new accounts of the role of writing in learning science at school. Current studies have begun to shift emphasis from pedagogical conditions focused only on writing to examining how writing relates to other representational modes in the learning process. This expanded view of the role of the languages of science as learning tools requires carefully constructed research studies of appropriate pedagogical strategies to support student learning about modal interdependency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 429.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Anderberg, E., Svensson, L., Alvegard, C., & Johansson, T. (2008). The epistemological role of language use in learning: A phenomenographic intentional-expressive approach. Educational Research Review, 3, 14–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazerman, C. (2007). Genre and cognitive development: Beyond writing to learn. http://www3.unisul.br/paginas/ensino/pos/linguagem/cd/English/5i.pdf. Accessed November 28, 2007.

  • Bereiter, C., & Scardamalia, M. (1987). The psychology of written composition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Furtak, E., & Ruiz-Primo, M. (2008). Making students’ thinking explicit in writing and discussion: An analysis of formative assessment prompts. Science Education, 92, 799–824.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Galbraith, D., Van Waes, L., & Torrance, M. (2007). Introduction. In M. Torrance, L. Van Waes, & D. Galbraith (Eds.), Writing and cognition: Research and applications (pp. 1–10). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S., & Perin, D. (2007a). A meta-analysis of writing instruction for adolescent students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 445–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, S., & Perin, D. (2007b). Writing next: Effective strategies to improve writing of adolescents in middle and high schools. New York: Alliance for Excellent Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunel, M., Akkus, R., Hohenshell, L., & Hand, B. (2004, April). Improving student performance on higher order cognitive questions through the use of the Science Writing Heuristic. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Vancouver.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunel, M., Hand, B., & Prain, V. (2007) Writing for learning in science: A secondary analysis of six studies. International Journal for Mathematics and Science Education, 5, 615–637.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Halliday, M., & Martin, J. (1993). Writing science: Literacy and discursive power. London: Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hand, B. (Ed.). (2007). Science inquiry, argument and language: A case for the Science Writing Heuristic. Rotterdam, The Netherlands: Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson-Laird, P. (1983). Mental models: Towards a cognitive science of language, inference and consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kellogg, R. T. (2008). Training writing skills: A cognitive perspective. Journal of Writing Research, 1, 1–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieft, M. (2006). The effects of adapting writing instruction to students’ writing strategies. Amsterdam: PrintPartners Ipskamp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, P. (2006). The challenges of scientific literacy: From the viewpoint of second-generation cognitive science. International Journal of Science Education, 28, 143–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, P., Boman, J., & Prince, M. (2007). Developmental trends in a writing to learn task. In M. Torrance, L. Van Waes, & D. Galbraith (Eds.), Writing and cognition: Research and applications (pp. 201–218). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lavelle, E. (2007). Approaches to writing. In M. Torrance, L. Van Waes, & D. Galbraith (Eds.), Writing and cognition: Research and applications. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemke, J. (2004). The literacies of science. In E. W. Saul (Ed.), Crossing borders in literacy and science instruction: Perspectives on theory and practice (pp. 33–47). Newark, DE: International Reading Association/National Science Teachers Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemke, J. (2008). Teaching all the languages of science: Words, symbols, images, and actions. http://www-personal.umich.edu/~jaylemke/papers/barcelon.htm. Accessed August 28, 2008.

  • Levin, T., & Wagner, T. (2006). In their own words: Understanding student conceptions of writing through their spontaneous metaphors in the science classroom. Instructional Science, 34, 227–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. (2000). Design and practice: Enacting functional linguistics. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 20, 116–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moje, E. B. (2007). Developing socially just subject-matter instruction: A review of the literature on disciplinary literacy teaching. Review of Research in Education, 31, 1–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prain, V., & Hand, B. (1996). Writing and learning in secondary science: Rethinking practices. Teaching and Teacher Education, 12, 609–626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tynjala, P., Mason, L., & Lonka, K. (2001). Writing as a learning tool: An introduction. In P. Tynjala, L. Mason, & K. Lonka (Eds.), Studies in writing: Vol. 7. Writing as a learning tool: Integrating theory and practice (pp. 7–22). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Unsworth, L. (2001). Teaching multiliteracies across the Curriculum: Changing contexts of text and image in classroom practice. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Unsworth, L (2006). Towards a metalanguage for multiliteracies education: Describing the meaning-making resources of language-image interaction. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, 5(1), 55–76.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Brian Hand .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hand, B., Prain, V. (2012). Writing as a Learning Tool in Science: Lessons Learnt and Future Agendas. In: Fraser, B., Tobin, K., McRobbie, C. (eds) Second International Handbook of Science Education. Springer International Handbooks of Education, vol 24. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9041-7_88

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics